vulkano/examples/src/bin/multi-window.rs

// Copyright (c) 2016 The vulkano developers
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0
// <LICENSE-APACHE or
// https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> or the MIT
// license <LICENSE-MIT or https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>,
// at your option. All files in the project carrying such
// notice may not be copied, modified, or distributed except
// according to those terms.

// Welcome to the triangle example!
//
// This is the only example that is entirely detailed. All the other examples avoid code
// duplication by using helper functions.
//
// This example assumes that you are already more or less familiar with graphics programming
// and that you want to learn Vulkan. This means that for example it won't go into details about
// what a vertex or a shader is.

use std::collections::HashMap;
use std::sync::Arc;
use vulkano::buffer::{BufferUsage, CpuAccessibleBuffer, TypedBufferAccess};
use vulkano::command_buffer::{AutoCommandBufferBuilder, CommandBufferUsage, SubpassContents};
use vulkano::device::physical::{PhysicalDevice, PhysicalDeviceType};
use vulkano::device::{Device, DeviceExtensions, Features};
use vulkano::image::view::ImageView;
use vulkano::image::{ImageAccess, ImageUsage, SwapchainImage};
use vulkano::instance::Instance;
use vulkano::pipeline::input_assembly::InputAssemblyState;
use vulkano::pipeline::viewport::{Viewport, ViewportState};
use vulkano::pipeline::GraphicsPipeline;
use vulkano::render_pass::{Framebuffer, RenderPass, Subpass};
use vulkano::swapchain::{self, AcquireError, Surface, Swapchain, SwapchainCreationError};
use vulkano::sync::{self, FlushError, GpuFuture};
use vulkano::Version;
use vulkano_win::VkSurfaceBuild;
use winit::event::ElementState;
use winit::event::KeyboardInput;
use winit::event::{Event, WindowEvent};
use winit::event_loop::{ControlFlow, EventLoop};
use winit::window::{Window, WindowBuilder};

// A struct to contain resources related to a window
struct WindowSurface {
    surface: Arc<Surface<Window>>,
    swapchain: Arc<Swapchain<Window>>,
    framebuffers: Vec<Arc<Framebuffer>>,
    recreate_swapchain: bool,
    previous_frame_end: Option<Box<dyn GpuFuture>>,
}

fn main() {
    let required_extensions = vulkano_win::required_extensions();
    let instance = Instance::new(None, Version::V1_1, &required_extensions, None).unwrap();
    let event_loop = EventLoop::new();

    // A hashmap that contains all of our created windows and their resources
    let mut window_surfaces = HashMap::new();

    let surface = WindowBuilder::new()
        .build_vk_surface(&event_loop, instance.clone())
        .unwrap();
    // Use the window's id as a means to access it from the hashmap
    let window_id = surface.window().id();

    // Find the device and a queue.
    // TODO: it is assumed the device, queue, and surface caps are the same for all windows

    let (device, queue, surface_caps) = {
        let device_extensions = DeviceExtensions {
            khr_swapchain: true,
            ..DeviceExtensions::none()
        };
        let (physical_device, queue_family) = PhysicalDevice::enumerate(&instance)
            .filter(|&p| p.supported_extensions().is_superset_of(&device_extensions))
            .filter_map(|p| {
                p.queue_families()
                    .find(|&q| q.supports_graphics() && surface.is_supported(q).unwrap_or(false))
                    .map(|q| (p, q))
            })
            .min_by_key(|(p, _)| match p.properties().device_type {
                PhysicalDeviceType::DiscreteGpu => 0,
                PhysicalDeviceType::IntegratedGpu => 1,
                PhysicalDeviceType::VirtualGpu => 2,
                PhysicalDeviceType::Cpu => 3,
                PhysicalDeviceType::Other => 4,
            })
            .unwrap();

        println!(
            "Using device: {} (type: {:?})",
            physical_device.properties().device_name,
            physical_device.properties().device_type
        );

        let (device, mut queues) = Device::new(
            physical_device,
            &Features::none(),
            &physical_device
                .required_extensions()
                .union(&device_extensions),
            [(queue_family, 0.5)].iter().cloned(),
        )
        .unwrap();
        (
            device,
            queues.next().unwrap(),
            surface.capabilities(physical_device).unwrap(),
        )
    };

    // The swapchain and framebuffer images for this perticular window

    let (swapchain, images) = {
        let composite_alpha = surface_caps
            .supported_composite_alpha
            .iter()
            .next()
            .unwrap();
        let format = surface_caps.supported_formats[0].0;
        let dimensions: [u32; 2] = surface.window().inner_size().into();

        Swapchain::start(device.clone(), surface.clone())
            .num_images(surface_caps.min_image_count)
            .format(format)
            .dimensions(dimensions)
            .usage(ImageUsage::color_attachment())
            .sharing_mode(&queue)
            .composite_alpha(composite_alpha)
            .build()
            .unwrap()
    };

    #[derive(Default, Debug, Clone)]
    struct Vertex {
        position: [f32; 2],
    }
    vulkano::impl_vertex!(Vertex, position);

    let vertex_buffer = CpuAccessibleBuffer::from_iter(
        device.clone(),
        BufferUsage::all(),
        false,
        [
            Vertex {
                position: [-0.5, -0.25],
            },
            Vertex {
                position: [0.0, 0.5],
            },
            Vertex {
                position: [0.25, -0.1],
            },
        ]
        .iter()
        .cloned(),
    )
    .unwrap();

    mod vs {
        vulkano_shaders::shader! {
            ty: "vertex",
            src: "
                #version 450

                layout(location = 0) in vec2 position;

                void main() {
                    gl_Position = vec4(position, 0.0, 1.0);
                }
            "
        }
    }

    mod fs {
        vulkano_shaders::shader! {
            ty: "fragment",
            src: "
                #version 450

                layout(location = 0) out vec4 f_color;

                void main() {
                    f_color = vec4(1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
                }
            "
        }
    }

    let vs = vs::load(device.clone()).unwrap();
    let fs = fs::load(device.clone()).unwrap();

    let render_pass = vulkano::single_pass_renderpass!(
        device.clone(),
        attachments: {
            color: {
                load: Clear,
                store: Store,
                format: swapchain.format(),
                samples: 1,
            }
        },
        pass: {
            color: [color],
            depth_stencil: {}
        }
    )
    .unwrap();

    let pipeline = GraphicsPipeline::start()
        .vertex_input_single_buffer::<Vertex>()
        .vertex_shader(vs.entry_point("main").unwrap(), ())
        .input_assembly_state(InputAssemblyState::new())
        .viewport_state(ViewportState::viewport_dynamic_scissor_irrelevant())
        .fragment_shader(fs.entry_point("main").unwrap(), ())
        .render_pass(Subpass::from(render_pass.clone(), 0).unwrap())
        .build(device.clone())
        .unwrap();

    let mut viewport = Viewport {
        origin: [0.0, 0.0],
        dimensions: [0.0, 0.0],
        depth_range: 0.0..1.0,
    };

    window_surfaces.insert(
        window_id,
        WindowSurface {
            surface,
            swapchain,
            recreate_swapchain: false,
            framebuffers: window_size_dependent_setup(&images, render_pass.clone(), &mut viewport),
            previous_frame_end: Some(sync::now(device.clone()).boxed()),
        },
    );

    event_loop.run(move |event, event_loop, control_flow| match event {
        Event::WindowEvent {
            event: WindowEvent::CloseRequested,
            ..
        } => {
            *control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit;
        }
        Event::WindowEvent {
            window_id,
            event: WindowEvent::Resized(_),
            ..
        } => {
            window_surfaces
                .get_mut(&window_id)
                .unwrap()
                .recreate_swapchain = true;
        }
        Event::WindowEvent {
            event:
                WindowEvent::KeyboardInput {
                    input:
                        KeyboardInput {
                            state: ElementState::Pressed,
                            ..
                        },
                    ..
                },
            ..
        } => {
            let surface = WindowBuilder::new()
                .build_vk_surface(&event_loop, instance.clone())
                .unwrap();
            let window_id = surface.window().id();
            let (swapchain, images) = {
                let composite_alpha = surface_caps
                    .supported_composite_alpha
                    .iter()
                    .next()
                    .unwrap();
                let format = surface_caps.supported_formats[0].0;
                let dimensions: [u32; 2] = surface.window().inner_size().into();

                Swapchain::start(device.clone(), surface.clone())
                    .num_images(surface_caps.min_image_count)
                    .format(format)
                    .dimensions(dimensions)
                    .usage(ImageUsage::color_attachment())
                    .sharing_mode(&queue)
                    .composite_alpha(composite_alpha)
                    .build()
                    .unwrap()
            };

            window_surfaces.insert(
                window_id,
                WindowSurface {
                    surface,
                    swapchain,
                    recreate_swapchain: false,
                    framebuffers: window_size_dependent_setup(
                        &images,
                        render_pass.clone(),
                        &mut viewport,
                    ),
                    previous_frame_end: Some(sync::now(device.clone()).boxed()),
                },
            );
        }
        Event::RedrawEventsCleared => {
            window_surfaces
                .values()
                .for_each(|s| s.surface.window().request_redraw());
        }
        Event::RedrawRequested(window_id) => {
            let WindowSurface {
                ref surface,
                ref mut swapchain,
                ref mut recreate_swapchain,
                ref mut framebuffers,
                ref mut previous_frame_end,
            } = window_surfaces.get_mut(&window_id).unwrap();

            previous_frame_end.as_mut().unwrap().cleanup_finished();

            if *recreate_swapchain {
                let dimensions: [u32; 2] = surface.window().inner_size().into();
                let (new_swapchain, new_images) =
                    match swapchain.recreate().dimensions(dimensions).build() {
                        Ok(r) => r,
                        Err(SwapchainCreationError::UnsupportedDimensions) => return,
                        Err(e) => panic!("Failed to recreate swapchain: {:?}", e),
                    };

                *swapchain = new_swapchain;
                *framebuffers =
                    window_size_dependent_setup(&new_images, render_pass.clone(), &mut viewport);
                *recreate_swapchain = false;
            }

            let (image_num, suboptimal, acquire_future) =
                match swapchain::acquire_next_image(swapchain.clone(), None) {
                    Ok(r) => r,
                    Err(AcquireError::OutOfDate) => {
                        *recreate_swapchain = true;
                        return;
                    }
                    Err(e) => panic!("Failed to acquire next image: {:?}", e),
                };

            if suboptimal {
                *recreate_swapchain = true;
            }

            let clear_values = vec![[0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0].into()];

            let mut builder = AutoCommandBufferBuilder::primary(
                device.clone(),
                queue.family(),
                CommandBufferUsage::OneTimeSubmit,
            )
            .unwrap();

            builder
                .begin_render_pass(
                    framebuffers[image_num].clone(),
                    SubpassContents::Inline,
                    clear_values,
                )
                .unwrap()
                .set_viewport(0, [viewport.clone()])
                .bind_pipeline_graphics(pipeline.clone())
                .bind_vertex_buffers(0, vertex_buffer.clone())
                .draw(vertex_buffer.len() as u32, 1, 0, 0)
                .unwrap()
                .end_render_pass()
                .unwrap();
            let command_buffer = builder.build().unwrap();

            let future = previous_frame_end
                .take()
                .unwrap()
                .join(acquire_future)
                .then_execute(queue.clone(), command_buffer)
                .unwrap()
                .then_swapchain_present(queue.clone(), swapchain.clone(), image_num)
                .then_signal_fence_and_flush();

            match future {
                Ok(future) => {
                    *previous_frame_end = Some(future.boxed());
                }
                Err(FlushError::OutOfDate) => {
                    *recreate_swapchain = true;
                    *previous_frame_end = Some(sync::now(device.clone()).boxed());
                }
                Err(e) => {
                    println!("Failed to flush future: {:?}", e);
                    *previous_frame_end = Some(sync::now(device.clone()).boxed());
                }
            }
        }
        _ => (),
    });
}

fn window_size_dependent_setup(
    images: &[Arc<SwapchainImage<Window>>],
    render_pass: Arc<RenderPass>,
    viewport: &mut Viewport,
) -> Vec<Arc<Framebuffer>> {
    let dimensions = images[0].dimensions().width_height();
    viewport.dimensions = [dimensions[0] as f32, dimensions[1] as f32];

    images
        .iter()
        .map(|image| {
            let view = ImageView::new(image.clone()).unwrap();
            Framebuffer::start(render_pass.clone())
                .add(view)
                .unwrap()
                .build()
                .unwrap()
        })
        .collect::<Vec<_>>()
}