mirror of
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3157114f0b
Signed-off-by: xiaoxiangxianzi <zhaoyizheng@outlook.com>
270 lines
9.5 KiB
Markdown
270 lines
9.5 KiB
Markdown
# Installing from Source
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**Note: This document describes _building_ Rust _from source_.
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This is _not recommended_ if you don't know what you're doing.
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If you just want to install Rust, check out the [README.md](README.md) instead.**
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The Rust build system uses a Python script called `x.py` to build the compiler,
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which manages the bootstrapping process. It lives at the root of the project.
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It also uses a file named `config.toml` to determine various configuration
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settings for the build. You can see a full list of options in
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`config.example.toml`.
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The `x.py` command can be run directly on most Unix systems in the following
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format:
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```sh
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./x.py <subcommand> [flags]
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```
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This is how the documentation and examples assume you are running `x.py`.
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See the [rustc dev guide][rustcguidebuild] if this does not work on your
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platform.
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More information about `x.py` can be found by running it with the `--help` flag
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or reading the [rustc dev guide][rustcguidebuild].
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[gettingstarted]: https://rustc-dev-guide.rust-lang.org/getting-started.html
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[rustcguidebuild]: https://rustc-dev-guide.rust-lang.org/building/how-to-build-and-run.html#what-is-xpy
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## Dependencies
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Make sure you have installed the dependencies:
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* `python` 3 or 2.7
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* `git`
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* A C compiler (when building for the host, `cc` is enough; cross-compiling may
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need additional compilers)
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* `curl` (not needed on Windows)
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* `pkg-config` if you are compiling on Linux and targeting Linux
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* `libiconv` (already included with glibc on Debian-based distros)
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To build Cargo, you'll also need OpenSSL (`libssl-dev` or `openssl-devel` on
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most Unix distros).
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If building LLVM from source, you'll need additional tools:
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* `g++`, `clang++`, or MSVC with versions listed on
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[LLVM's documentation](https://llvm.org/docs/GettingStarted.html#host-c-toolchain-both-compiler-and-standard-library)
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* `ninja`, or GNU `make` 3.81 or later (Ninja is recommended, especially on
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Windows)
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* `cmake` 3.13.4 or later
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* `libstdc++-static` may be required on some Linux distributions such as Fedora
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and Ubuntu
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On tier 1 or tier 2 with host tools platforms, you can also choose to download
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LLVM by setting `llvm.download-ci-llvm = true`.
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Otherwise, you'll need LLVM installed and `llvm-config` in your path.
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See [the rustc-dev-guide for more info][sysllvm].
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[sysllvm]: https://rustc-dev-guide.rust-lang.org/building/new-target.html#using-pre-built-llvm
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## Building on a Unix-like system
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### Build steps
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1. Clone the [source] with `git`:
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```sh
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git clone https://github.com/rust-lang/rust.git
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cd rust
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```
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[source]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust
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2. Configure the build settings:
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```sh
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./configure
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```
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If you plan to use `x.py install` to create an installation, it is
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recommended that you set the `prefix` value in the `[install]` section to a
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directory: `./configure --set install.prefix=<path>`
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3. Build and install:
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```sh
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./x.py build && ./x.py install
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```
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When complete, `./x.py install` will place several programs into
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`$PREFIX/bin`: `rustc`, the Rust compiler, and `rustdoc`, the
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API-documentation tool. By default, it will also include [Cargo], Rust's
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package manager. You can disable this behavior by passing
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`--set build.extended=false` to `./configure`.
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[Cargo]: https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo
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### Configure and Make
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This project provides a configure script and makefile (the latter of which just
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invokes `x.py`). `./configure` is the recommended way to programmatically
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generate a `config.toml`. `make` is not recommended (we suggest using `x.py`
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directly), but it is supported and we try not to break it unnecessarily.
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```sh
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./configure
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make && sudo make install
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```
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`configure` generates a `config.toml` which can also be used with normal `x.py`
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invocations.
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## Building on Windows
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On Windows, we suggest using [winget] to install dependencies by running the
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following in a terminal:
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```powershell
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winget install -e Python.Python.3
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winget install -e Kitware.CMake
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winget install -e Git.Git
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```
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Then edit your system's `PATH` variable and add: `C:\Program Files\CMake\bin`.
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See
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[this guide on editing the system `PATH`](https://www.java.com/en/download/help/path.html)
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from the Java documentation.
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[winget]: https://github.com/microsoft/winget-cli
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There are two prominent ABIs in use on Windows: the native (MSVC) ABI used by
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Visual Studio and the GNU ABI used by the GCC toolchain. Which version of Rust
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you need depends largely on what C/C++ libraries you want to interoperate with.
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Use the MSVC build of Rust to interop with software produced by Visual Studio
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and the GNU build to interop with GNU software built using the MinGW/MSYS2
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toolchain.
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### MinGW
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[MSYS2][msys2] can be used to easily build Rust on Windows:
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[msys2]: https://www.msys2.org/
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1. Download the latest [MSYS2 installer][msys2] and go through the installer.
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2. Download and install [Git for Windows](https://git-scm.com/download/win).
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Make sure that it's in your Windows PATH. To enable access to it from within
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MSYS2, edit the relevant `mingw[32|64].ini` file in your MSYS2 installation
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directory and uncomment the line `MSYS2_PATH_TYPE=inherit`.
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You could install and use MSYS2's version of git instead with `pacman`,
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however this is not recommended as it's excruciatingly slow, and not frequently
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tested for compatibility.
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3. Start a MINGW64 or MINGW32 shell (depending on whether you want 32-bit
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or 64-bit Rust) either from your start menu, or by running `mingw64.exe`
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or `mingw32.exe` from your MSYS2 installation directory (e.g. `C:\msys64`).
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4. From this terminal, install the required tools:
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```sh
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# Update package mirrors (may be needed if you have a fresh install of MSYS2)
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pacman -Sy pacman-mirrors
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# Install build tools needed for Rust. If you're building a 32-bit compiler,
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# then replace "x86_64" below with "i686".
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# Note that it is important that you do **not** use the 'python2', 'cmake',
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# and 'ninja' packages from the 'msys2' subsystem.
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# The build has historically been known to fail with these packages.
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pacman -S make \
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diffutils \
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tar \
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mingw-w64-x86_64-python \
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mingw-w64-x86_64-cmake \
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mingw-w64-x86_64-gcc \
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mingw-w64-x86_64-ninja
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```
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5. Navigate to Rust's source code (or clone it), then build it:
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```sh
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python x.py setup dist && python x.py build && python x.py install
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```
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If you want to try the native Windows versions of Python or CMake, you can remove
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them from the above pacman command and install them from another source. Follow
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the instructions in step 2 to get them on PATH.
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Using Windows native Python can be helpful if you get errors when building LLVM.
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You may also want to use Git for Windows, as it is often *much* faster. Turning
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off real-time protection in the Windows Virus & Threat protections settings can
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also help with long run times (although note that it will automatically turn
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itself back on after some time).
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### MSVC
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MSVC builds of Rust additionally require an installation of Visual Studio 2017
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(or later) so `rustc` can use its linker. The simplest way is to get
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[Visual Studio], check the "C++ build tools" and "Windows 10 SDK" workload.
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[Visual Studio]: https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/downloads/
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(If you're installing CMake yourself, be careful that "C++ CMake tools for
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Windows" doesn't get included under "Individual components".)
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With these dependencies installed, you can build the compiler in a `cmd.exe`
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shell with:
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```sh
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python x.py setup user
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python x.py build
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```
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Right now, building Rust only works with some known versions of Visual Studio.
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If you have a more recent version installed and the build system doesn't
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understand, you may need to force rustbuild to use an older version.
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This can be done by manually calling the appropriate vcvars file before running
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the bootstrap.
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```batch
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CALL "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvars64.bat"
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python x.py build
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```
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### Specifying an ABI
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Each specific ABI can also be used from either environment (for example, using
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the GNU ABI in PowerShell) by using an explicit build triple. The available
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Windows build triples are:
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- GNU ABI (using GCC)
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- `i686-pc-windows-gnu`
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- `x86_64-pc-windows-gnu`
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- The MSVC ABI
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- `i686-pc-windows-msvc`
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- `x86_64-pc-windows-msvc`
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The build triple can be specified by either specifying `--build=<triple>` when
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invoking `x.py` commands, or by creating a `config.toml` file (as described in
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[Building on a Unix-like system](#building-on-a-unix-like-system)), and passing
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`--set build.build=<triple>` to `./configure`.
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## Building Documentation
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If you'd like to build the documentation, it's almost the same:
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```sh
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./x.py doc
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```
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The generated documentation will appear under `doc` in the `build` directory for
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the ABI used. That is, if the ABI was `x86_64-pc-windows-msvc`, the directory
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will be `build\x86_64-pc-windows-msvc\doc`.
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## Notes
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Since the Rust compiler is written in Rust, it must be built by a precompiled
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"snapshot" version of itself (made in an earlier stage of development).
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As such, source builds require an Internet connection to fetch snapshots, and an
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OS that can execute the available snapshot binaries.
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See https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/rustc/platform-support.html for a list of
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supported platforms.
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Only "host tools" platforms have a pre-compiled snapshot binary available; to
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compile for a platform without host tools you must cross-compile.
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You may find that other platforms work, but these are our officially supported
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build environments that are most likely to work.
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