mirror of
https://github.com/rust-lang/rust.git
synced 2024-12-07 14:13:47 +00:00
248 lines
8.3 KiB
Markdown
248 lines
8.3 KiB
Markdown
# The Rust Programming Language
|
||
|
||
This is the main source code repository for [Rust]. It contains the compiler,
|
||
standard library, and documentation.
|
||
|
||
[Rust]: https://www.rust-lang.org
|
||
|
||
## Quick Start
|
||
[quick-start]: #quick-start
|
||
|
||
Read ["Installation"] from [The Book].
|
||
|
||
["Installation"]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/second-edition/ch01-01-installation.html
|
||
[The Book]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/index.html
|
||
|
||
## Building from Source
|
||
[building-from-source]: #building-from-source
|
||
|
||
### Building on *nix
|
||
1. Make sure you have installed the dependencies:
|
||
|
||
* `g++` 4.7 or later or `clang++` 3.x or later
|
||
* `python` 2.7 (but not 3.x)
|
||
* GNU `make` 3.81 or later
|
||
* `cmake` 3.4.3 or later
|
||
* `curl`
|
||
* `git`
|
||
|
||
2. Clone the [source] with `git`:
|
||
|
||
```sh
|
||
$ git clone https://github.com/rust-lang/rust.git
|
||
$ cd rust
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
[source]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust
|
||
|
||
3. Build and install:
|
||
|
||
```sh
|
||
$ git submodule update --init --recursive --progress
|
||
$ ./x.py build && sudo ./x.py install
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
> ***Note:*** Install locations can be adjusted by copying the config file
|
||
> from `./config.toml.example` to `./config.toml`, and
|
||
> adjusting the `prefix` option under `[install]`. Various other options, such
|
||
> as enabling debug information, are also supported, and are documented in
|
||
> the config file.
|
||
|
||
When complete, `sudo ./x.py install` will place several programs into
|
||
`/usr/local/bin`: `rustc`, the Rust compiler, and `rustdoc`, the
|
||
API-documentation tool. This install does not include [Cargo],
|
||
Rust's package manager, which you may also want to build.
|
||
|
||
[Cargo]: https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo
|
||
|
||
### Building on Windows
|
||
[building-on-windows]: #building-on-windows
|
||
|
||
There are two prominent ABIs in use on Windows: the native (MSVC) ABI used by
|
||
Visual Studio, and the GNU ABI used by the GCC toolchain. Which version of Rust
|
||
you need depends largely on what C/C++ libraries you want to interoperate with:
|
||
for interop with software produced by Visual Studio use the MSVC build of Rust;
|
||
for interop with GNU software built using the MinGW/MSYS2 toolchain use the GNU
|
||
build.
|
||
|
||
#### MinGW
|
||
[windows-mingw]: #windows-mingw
|
||
|
||
[MSYS2][msys2] can be used to easily build Rust on Windows:
|
||
|
||
[msys2]: https://msys2.github.io/
|
||
|
||
1. Grab the latest [MSYS2 installer][msys2] and go through the installer.
|
||
|
||
2. Run `mingw32_shell.bat` or `mingw64_shell.bat` from wherever you installed
|
||
MSYS2 (i.e. `C:\msys64`), depending on whether you want 32-bit or 64-bit
|
||
Rust. (As of the latest version of MSYS2 you have to run `msys2_shell.cmd
|
||
-mingw32` or `msys2_shell.cmd -mingw64` from the command line instead)
|
||
|
||
3. From this terminal, install the required tools:
|
||
|
||
```sh
|
||
# Update package mirrors (may be needed if you have a fresh install of MSYS2)
|
||
$ pacman -Sy pacman-mirrors
|
||
|
||
# Install build tools needed for Rust. If you're building a 32-bit compiler,
|
||
# then replace "x86_64" below with "i686". If you've already got git, python,
|
||
# or CMake installed and in PATH you can remove them from this list. Note
|
||
# that it is important that you do **not** use the 'python2' and 'cmake'
|
||
# packages from the 'msys2' subsystem. The build has historically been known
|
||
# to fail with these packages.
|
||
$ pacman -S git \
|
||
make \
|
||
diffutils \
|
||
tar \
|
||
mingw-w64-x86_64-python2 \
|
||
mingw-w64-x86_64-cmake \
|
||
mingw-w64-x86_64-gcc
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
4. Navigate to Rust's source code (or clone it), then build it:
|
||
|
||
```sh
|
||
$ ./x.py build && ./x.py install
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
#### MSVC
|
||
[windows-msvc]: #windows-msvc
|
||
|
||
MSVC builds of Rust additionally require an installation of Visual Studio 2013
|
||
(or later) so `rustc` can use its linker. Make sure to check the “C++ tools”
|
||
option.
|
||
|
||
With these dependencies installed, you can build the compiler in a `cmd.exe`
|
||
shell with:
|
||
|
||
```sh
|
||
> python x.py build
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Currently, building Rust only works with some known versions of Visual Studio. If
|
||
you have a more recent version installed the build system doesn't understand
|
||
then you may need to force rustbuild to use an older version. This can be done
|
||
by manually calling the appropriate vcvars file before running the bootstrap.
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
CALL "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\VC\bin\amd64\vcvars64.bat"
|
||
python x.py build
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
#### Specifying an ABI
|
||
[specifying-an-abi]: #specifying-an-abi
|
||
|
||
Each specific ABI can also be used from either environment (for example, using
|
||
the GNU ABI in PowerShell) by using an explicit build triple. The available
|
||
Windows build triples are:
|
||
- GNU ABI (using GCC)
|
||
- `i686-pc-windows-gnu`
|
||
- `x86_64-pc-windows-gnu`
|
||
- The MSVC ABI
|
||
- `i686-pc-windows-msvc`
|
||
- `x86_64-pc-windows-msvc`
|
||
|
||
The build triple can be specified by either specifying `--build=<triple>` when
|
||
invoking `x.py` commands, or by copying the `config.toml` file (as described
|
||
in Building From Source), and modifying the `build` option under the `[build]`
|
||
section.
|
||
|
||
### Configure and Make
|
||
[configure-and-make]: #configure-and-make
|
||
|
||
While it's not the recommended build system, this project also provides a
|
||
configure script and makefile (the latter of which just invokes `x.py`).
|
||
|
||
```sh
|
||
$ ./configure
|
||
$ make && sudo make install
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
When using the configure script, the generated `config.mk` file may override the
|
||
`config.toml` file. To go back to the `config.toml` file, delete the generated
|
||
`config.mk` file.
|
||
|
||
## Building Documentation
|
||
[building-documentation]: #building-documentation
|
||
|
||
If you’d like to build the documentation, it’s almost the same:
|
||
|
||
```sh
|
||
$ ./x.py doc
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
The generated documentation will appear under `doc` in the `build` directory for
|
||
the ABI used. I.e., if the ABI was `x86_64-pc-windows-msvc`, the directory will be
|
||
`build\x86_64-pc-windows-msvc\doc`.
|
||
|
||
## Notes
|
||
[notes]: #notes
|
||
|
||
Since the Rust compiler is written in Rust, it must be built by a
|
||
precompiled "snapshot" version of itself (made in an earlier stage of
|
||
development). As such, source builds require a connection to the Internet, to
|
||
fetch snapshots, and an OS that can execute the available snapshot binaries.
|
||
|
||
Snapshot binaries are currently built and tested on several platforms:
|
||
|
||
| Platform / Architecture | x86 | x86_64 |
|
||
|--------------------------------|-----|--------|
|
||
| Windows (7, 8, Server 2008 R2) | ✓ | ✓ |
|
||
| Linux (2.6.18 or later) | ✓ | ✓ |
|
||
| OSX (10.7 Lion or later) | ✓ | ✓ |
|
||
|
||
You may find that other platforms work, but these are our officially
|
||
supported build environments that are most likely to work.
|
||
|
||
Rust currently needs between 600MiB and 1.5GiB of RAM to build, depending on platform.
|
||
If it hits swap, it will take a very long time to build.
|
||
|
||
There is more advice about hacking on Rust in [CONTRIBUTING.md].
|
||
|
||
[CONTRIBUTING.md]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md
|
||
|
||
## Getting Help
|
||
[getting-help]: #getting-help
|
||
|
||
The Rust community congregates in a few places:
|
||
|
||
* [Stack Overflow] - Direct questions about using the language.
|
||
* [users.rust-lang.org] - General discussion and broader questions.
|
||
* [/r/rust] - News and general discussion.
|
||
|
||
[Stack Overflow]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/rust
|
||
[/r/rust]: https://reddit.com/r/rust
|
||
[users.rust-lang.org]: https://users.rust-lang.org/
|
||
|
||
## Contributing
|
||
[contributing]: #contributing
|
||
|
||
To contribute to Rust, please see [CONTRIBUTING](CONTRIBUTING.md).
|
||
|
||
Rust has an [IRC] culture and most real-time collaboration happens in a
|
||
variety of channels on Mozilla's IRC network, irc.mozilla.org. The
|
||
most popular channel is [#rust], a venue for general discussion about
|
||
Rust. And a good place to ask for help would be [#rust-beginners].
|
||
|
||
The [rustc guide] might be a good place to start if you want to find out how
|
||
various parts of the compiler work.
|
||
|
||
Also, you may find the [rustdocs for the compiler itself][rustdocs] useful.
|
||
|
||
[IRC]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Relay_Chat
|
||
[#rust]: irc://irc.mozilla.org/rust
|
||
[#rust-beginners]: irc://irc.mozilla.org/rust-beginners
|
||
[rustc guide]: https://rust-lang-nursery.github.io/rustc-guide/about-this-guide.html
|
||
[rustdocs]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/nightly-rustc/rustc/
|
||
|
||
## License
|
||
[license]: #license
|
||
|
||
Rust is primarily distributed under the terms of both the MIT license
|
||
and the Apache License (Version 2.0), with portions covered by various
|
||
BSD-like licenses.
|
||
|
||
See [LICENSE-APACHE](LICENSE-APACHE), [LICENSE-MIT](LICENSE-MIT), and
|
||
[COPYRIGHT](COPYRIGHT) for details.
|