Nextcloud

Nextcloud is an open-source, self-hostable cloud platform. The server setup can be automated using services.nextcloud. A desktop client is packaged at pkgs.nextcloud-client.

The current default by NixOS is nextcloud30 which is also the latest major version available.

Basic usage

Nextcloud is a PHP-based application which requires an HTTP server (services.nextcloud and optionally supports services.nginx).

For the database, you can set services.nextcloud.config.dbtype to either sqlite (the default), mysql, or pgsql. The simplest is sqlite, which will be automatically created and managed by the application. For the last two, you can easily create a local database by setting services.nextcloud.database.createLocally to true, Nextcloud will automatically be configured to connect to it through socket.

A very basic configuration may look like this:

{ pkgs, ... }:
{
  services.nextcloud = {
    enable = true;
    hostName = "nextcloud.tld";
    database.createLocally = true;
    config = {
      dbtype = "pgsql";
      adminpassFile = "/path/to/admin-pass-file";
    };
  };

  networking.firewall.allowedTCPPorts = [ 80 443 ];
}

The hostName option is used internally to configure an HTTP server using PHP-FPM and nginx. The config attribute set is used by the imperative installer and all values are written to an additional file to ensure that changes can be applied by changing the module's options.

In case the application serves multiple domains (those are checked with $_SERVER['HTTP_HOST']) it's needed to add them to services.nextcloud.settings.trusted_domains.

Auto updates for Nextcloud apps can be enabled using services.nextcloud.autoUpdateApps.

Common problems

General notes. Unfortunately Nextcloud appears to be very stateful when it comes to managing its own configuration. The config file lives in the home directory of the nextcloud user (by default /var/lib/nextcloud/config/config.php) and is also used to track several states of the application (e.g., whether installed or not).

All configuration parameters are also stored in {file}/var/lib/nextcloud/config/override.config.php which is generated by the module and linked from the store to ensure that all values from {file}config.php can be modified by the module. However {file}config.php manages the application's state and shouldn't be touched manually because of that.

::: {.warning} Don't delete {file}config.php! This file tracks the application's state and a deletion can cause unwanted side-effects! :::

::: {.warning} Don't rerun nextcloud-occ maintenance:install! This command tries to install the application and can cause unwanted side-effects! :::
Multiple version upgrades. Nextcloud doesn't allow to move more than one major-version forward. E.g., if you're on v16, you cannot upgrade to v18, you need to upgrade to v17 first. This is ensured automatically as long as the stateVersion is declared properly. In that case the oldest version available (one major behind the one from the previous NixOS release) will be selected by default and the module will generate a warning that reminds the user to upgrade to latest Nextcloud after that deploy.
Error: Command "upgrade" is not defined. This error usually occurs if the initial installation ({command}nextcloud-occ maintenance:install) has failed. After that, the application is not installed, but the upgrade is attempted to be executed. Further context can be found in NixOS/nixpkgs#111175.

First of all, it makes sense to find out what went wrong by looking at the logs of the installation via {command}journalctl -u nextcloud-setup and try to fix the underlying issue.
- If this occurs on an existing setup, this is most likely because the maintenance mode is active. It can be deactivated by running {command}nextcloud-occ maintenance:mode --off. It's advisable though to check the logs first on why the maintenance mode was activated.
- ::: {.warning} Only perform the following measures on freshly installed instances! :::
  
  A re-run of the installer can be forced by deleting {file}/var/lib/nextcloud/config/config.php. This is the only time advisable because the fresh install doesn't have any state that can be lost. In case that doesn't help, an entire re-creation can be forced via {command}rm -rf ~nextcloud/.
Server-side encryption. Nextcloud supports server-side encryption (SSE). This is not an end-to-end encryption, but can be used to encrypt files that will be persisted to external storage such as S3.
Issues with file permissions / unsafe path transitions

{manpage}systemd-tmpfiles(8) makes sure that the paths for
- configuration (including declarative config)
- data
- app store
- home directory itself (usually /var/lib/nextcloud)
are properly set up. However, systemd-tmpfiles will refuse to do so if it detects an unsafe path transition, i.e. creating files/directories within a directory that is neither owned by root nor by nextcloud, the owning user of the files/directories to be created.

Symptoms of that include
- config/override.config.php not being updated (and the config file eventually being garbage-collected).
- failure to read from application data.
To work around that, please make sure that all directories in question are owned by nextcloud:nextcloud.
Failed to open stream: No such file or directory after deploys

Symptoms are errors like this after a deployment that disappear after a few minutes:
```
Warning: file_get_contents(/run/secrets/nextcloud_db_password): Failed to open stream: No such file or directory in /nix/store/lqw657xbh6h67ccv9cgv104qhcs1i2vw-nextcloud-config.php on line 11

Warning: http_response_code(): Cannot set response code - headers already sent (output started at /nix/store/lqw657xbh6h67ccv9cgv104qhcs1i2vw-nextcloud-config.php:11) in /nix/store/ikxpaq7kjdhpr4w7cgl1n28kc2gvlhg6-nextcloud-29.0.7/lib/base.php on line 639
Cannot decode /run/secrets/nextcloud_secrets, because: Syntax error
```
This can happen if or are managed by sops-nix.

Here, /run/secrets/nextcloud_secrets is a symlink to /run/secrets.d/N/nextcloud_secrets. The N will be incremented when the sops-nix activation script runs, i.e. /run/secrets.d/N doesn't exist anymore after a deploy, only /run/secrets.d/N+1.

PHP maintains a cache for realpath that still resolves to the old path which is causing the No such file or directory error. Interestingly, the cache isn't used for file_exists which is why this warning comes instead of the error from nix_read_secret in override.config.php.

One option to work around this is to turn off the cache by setting the cache size to zero:
```
services.nextcloud.phpOptions."realpath_cache_size" = "0";
```

Using an alternative webserver as reverse-proxy (e.g. `httpd`)

By default, nginx is used as reverse-proxy for nextcloud. However, it's possible to use e.g. httpd by explicitly disabling nginx using and fixing the settings listen.owner & listen.group in the corresponding phpfpm pool.

An exemplary configuration may look like this:

{ config, lib, pkgs, ... }: {
  services.nginx.enable = false;
  services.nextcloud = {
    enable = true;
    hostName = "localhost";

    /* further, required options */
  };
  services.phpfpm.pools.nextcloud.settings = {
    "listen.owner" = config.services.httpd.user;
    "listen.group" = config.services.httpd.group;
  };
  services.httpd = {
    enable = true;
    adminAddr = "webmaster@localhost";
    extraModules = [ "proxy_fcgi" ];
    virtualHosts."localhost" = {
      documentRoot = config.services.nextcloud.package;
      extraConfig = ''
        <Directory "${config.services.nextcloud.package}">
          <FilesMatch "\.php$">
            <If "-f %{REQUEST_FILENAME}">
              SetHandler "proxy:unix:${config.services.phpfpm.pools.nextcloud.socket}|fcgi://localhost/"
            </If>
          </FilesMatch>
          <IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
            RewriteEngine On
            RewriteBase /
            RewriteRule ^index\.php$ - [L]
            RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
            RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
            RewriteRule . /index.php [L]
          </IfModule>
          DirectoryIndex index.php
          Require all granted
          Options +FollowSymLinks
        </Directory>
      '';
    };
  };
}

Installing Apps and PHP extensions

Nextcloud apps are installed statefully through the web interface. Some apps may require extra PHP extensions to be installed. This can be configured with the setting.

Alternatively, extra apps can also be declared with the setting. When using this setting, apps can no longer be managed statefully because this can lead to Nextcloud updating apps that are managed by Nix. If you want automatic updates it is recommended that you use web interface to install apps.

Known warnings

Failed to get an iterator for log entries: Logreader application only supports "file" log_type

This is because

our module writes logs into the journal (journalctl -t Nextcloud)
the Logreader application that allows reading logs in the admin panel is enabled by default and requires logs written to a file.

The logreader application doesn't work, as it was the case before. The only change is that it complains loudly now. So nothing actionable here by default. Alternatively you can

disable the logreader application to shut up the "error".

We can't really do that by default since whether apps are enabled/disabled is part of the application's state and tracked inside the database.
set to "file" to be able to view logs from the admin panel.

Maintainer information

As stated in the previous paragraph, we must provide a clean upgrade-path for Nextcloud since it cannot move more than one major version forward on a single upgrade. This chapter adds some notes how Nextcloud updates should be rolled out in the future.

While minor and patch-level updates are no problem and can be done directly in the package-expression (and should be backported to supported stable branches after that), major-releases should be added in a new attribute (e.g. Nextcloud v19.0.0 should be available in nixpkgs as pkgs.nextcloud19). To provide simple upgrade paths it's generally useful to backport those as well to stable branches. As long as the package-default isn't altered, this won't break existing setups. After that, the versioning-warning in the nextcloud-module should be updated to make sure that the package-option selects the latest version on fresh setups.

If major-releases will be abandoned by upstream, we should check first if those are needed in NixOS for a safe upgrade-path before removing those. In that case we should keep those packages, but mark them as insecure in an expression like this (in <nixpkgs/pkgs/servers/nextcloud/default.nix>):

/* ... */
{
  nextcloud17 = generic {
    version = "17.0.x";
    sha256 = "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000";
    eol = true;
  };
}

Ideally we should make sure that it's possible to jump two NixOS versions forward: i.e. the warnings and the logic in the module should guard a user to upgrade from a Nextcloud on e.g. 19.09 to a Nextcloud on 20.09.

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