nixpkgs/nixos/tests/systemd-confinement/default.nix

import ../make-test-python.nix {
  name = "systemd-confinement";

  nodes.machine = { pkgs, lib, ... }: let
    testLib = pkgs.python3Packages.buildPythonPackage {
      name = "confinement-testlib";
      unpackPhase = ''
        cat > setup.py <<EOF
        from setuptools import setup
        setup(name='confinement-testlib', py_modules=["checkperms"])
        EOF
        cp ${./checkperms.py} checkperms.py
      '';
    };

    mkTest = name: testScript: pkgs.writers.writePython3 "${name}.py" {
      libraries = [ pkgs.python3Packages.pytest testLib ];
    } ''
      # This runs our test script by using pytest's assertion rewriting, so
      # that whenever we use "assert <something>", the actual values are
      # printed rather than getting a generic AssertionError or the need to
      # pass an explicit assertion error message.
      import ast
      from pathlib import Path
      from _pytest.assertion.rewrite import rewrite_asserts

      script = Path('${pkgs.writeText "${name}-main.py" ''
        import errno, os, pytest, signal
        from subprocess import run
        from checkperms import Accessibility, assert_permissions

        ${testScript}
      ''}') # noqa
      filename = str(script)
      source = script.read_bytes()

      tree = ast.parse(source, filename=filename)
      rewrite_asserts(tree, source, filename)
      exec(compile(tree, filename, 'exec', dont_inherit=True))
    '';

    mkTestStep = num: {
      description,
      testScript,
      config ? {},
      serviceName ? "test${toString num}",
      rawUnit ? null,
    }: {
      systemd.packages = lib.optional (rawUnit != null) (pkgs.writeTextFile {
        name = serviceName;
        destination = "/etc/systemd/system/${serviceName}.service";
        text = rawUnit;
      });

      systemd.services.${serviceName} = {
        inherit description;
        requiredBy = [ "multi-user.target" ];
        confinement = (config.confinement or {}) // { enable = true; };
        serviceConfig = (config.serviceConfig or {}) // {
          ExecStart = mkTest serviceName testScript;
          Type = "oneshot";
        };
      } // removeAttrs config [ "confinement" "serviceConfig" ];
    };

    parametrisedTests = lib.concatMap ({ user, privateTmp }: let
      withTmp = if privateTmp then "with PrivateTmp" else "without PrivateTmp";

      serviceConfig = if user == "static-user" then {
        User = "chroot-testuser";
        Group = "chroot-testgroup";
      } else if user == "dynamic-user" then {
        DynamicUser = true;
      } else {};

    in [
      { description = "${user}, chroot-only confinement ${withTmp}";
        config = {
          confinement.mode = "chroot-only";
          # Only set if privateTmp is true to ensure that the default is false.
          serviceConfig = serviceConfig // lib.optionalAttrs privateTmp {
            PrivateTmp = true;
          };
        };
        testScript = if user == "root" then ''
          assert os.getuid() == 0
          assert os.getgid() == 0

          assert_permissions({
            'bin': Accessibility.READABLE,
            'nix': Accessibility.READABLE,
            'run': Accessibility.READABLE,
            ${lib.optionalString privateTmp "'tmp': Accessibility.STICKY,"}
            ${lib.optionalString privateTmp "'var': Accessibility.READABLE,"}
            ${lib.optionalString privateTmp "'var/tmp': Accessibility.STICKY,"}
          })
        '' else ''
          assert os.getuid() != 0
          assert os.getgid() != 0

          assert_permissions({
            'bin': Accessibility.READABLE,
            'nix': Accessibility.READABLE,
            'run': Accessibility.READABLE,
            ${lib.optionalString privateTmp "'tmp': Accessibility.STICKY,"}
            ${lib.optionalString privateTmp "'var': Accessibility.READABLE,"}
            ${lib.optionalString privateTmp "'var/tmp': Accessibility.STICKY,"}
          })
        '';
      }
      { description = "${user}, full APIVFS confinement ${withTmp}";
        config = {
          # Only set if privateTmp is false to ensure that the default is true.
          serviceConfig = serviceConfig // lib.optionalAttrs (!privateTmp) {
            PrivateTmp = false;
          };
        };
        testScript = if user == "root" then ''
          assert os.getuid() == 0
          assert os.getgid() == 0

          assert_permissions({
            'bin': Accessibility.READABLE,
            'nix': Accessibility.READABLE,
            ${lib.optionalString privateTmp "'tmp': Accessibility.STICKY,"}
            'run': Accessibility.WRITABLE,

            'proc': Accessibility.SPECIAL,
            'sys': Accessibility.SPECIAL,
            'dev': Accessibility.WRITABLE,

            ${lib.optionalString privateTmp "'var': Accessibility.READABLE,"}
            ${lib.optionalString privateTmp "'var/tmp': Accessibility.STICKY,"}
          })
        '' else ''
          assert os.getuid() != 0
          assert os.getgid() != 0

          assert_permissions({
            'bin': Accessibility.READABLE,
            'nix': Accessibility.READABLE,
            ${lib.optionalString privateTmp "'tmp': Accessibility.STICKY,"}
            'run': Accessibility.STICKY,

            'proc': Accessibility.SPECIAL,
            'sys': Accessibility.SPECIAL,
            'dev': Accessibility.SPECIAL,
            'dev/shm': Accessibility.STICKY,
            'dev/mqueue': Accessibility.STICKY,

            ${lib.optionalString privateTmp "'var': Accessibility.READABLE,"}
            ${lib.optionalString privateTmp "'var/tmp': Accessibility.STICKY,"}
          })
        '';
      }
    ]) (lib.cartesianProduct {
      user = [ "root" "dynamic-user" "static-user" ];
      privateTmp = [ true false ];
    });

  in {
    imports = lib.imap1 mkTestStep (parametrisedTests ++ [
      { description = "existence of bind-mounted /etc";
        config.serviceConfig.BindReadOnlyPaths = [ "/etc" ];
        testScript = ''
          assert Path('/etc/passwd').read_text()
        '';
      }
      (let
        symlink = pkgs.runCommand "symlink" {
          target = pkgs.writeText "symlink-target" "got me";
        } "ln -s \"$target\" \"$out\"";
      in {
        description = "check if symlinks are properly bind-mounted";
        config.confinement.packages = lib.singleton symlink;
        testScript = ''
          assert Path('${symlink}').read_text() == 'got me'
        '';
      })
      { description = "check if StateDirectory works";
        config.serviceConfig.User = "chroot-testuser";
        config.serviceConfig.Group = "chroot-testgroup";
        config.serviceConfig.StateDirectory = "testme";

        # We restart on purpose here since we want to check whether the state
        # directory actually persists.
        config.serviceConfig.Restart = "on-failure";
        config.serviceConfig.RestartMode = "direct";

        testScript = ''
          assert not Path('/tmp/canary').exists()
          Path('/tmp/canary').touch()

          if (foo := Path('/var/lib/testme/foo')).exists():
            assert Path('/var/lib/testme/foo').read_text() == 'works'
          else:
            Path('/var/lib/testme/foo').write_text('works')
            print('<4>Exiting with failure to check persistence on restart.')
            raise SystemExit(1)
        '';
      }
      { description = "check if /bin/sh works";
        testScript = ''
          assert Path('/bin/sh').exists()

          result = run(
            ['/bin/sh', '-c', 'echo -n bar'],
            capture_output=True,
            check=True,
          )
          assert result.stdout == b'bar'
        '';
      }
      { description = "check if suppressing /bin/sh works";
        config.confinement.binSh = null;
        testScript = ''
          assert not Path('/bin/sh').exists()
          with pytest.raises(FileNotFoundError):
            run(['/bin/sh', '-c', 'echo foo'])
        '';
      }
      { description = "check if we can set /bin/sh to something different";
        config.confinement.binSh = "${pkgs.hello}/bin/hello";
        testScript = ''
          assert Path('/bin/sh').exists()
          result = run(
            ['/bin/sh', '-g', 'foo'],
            capture_output=True,
            check=True,
          )
          assert result.stdout == b'foo\n'
        '';
      }
      { description = "check if only Exec* dependencies are included";
        config.environment.FOOBAR = pkgs.writeText "foobar" "eek";
        testScript = ''
          with pytest.raises(FileNotFoundError):
            Path(os.environ['FOOBAR']).read_text()
        '';
      }
      { description = "check if fullUnit includes all dependencies";
        config.environment.FOOBAR = pkgs.writeText "foobar" "eek";
        config.confinement.fullUnit = true;
        testScript = ''
          assert Path(os.environ['FOOBAR']).read_text() == 'eek'
        '';
      }
      { description = "check if shipped unit file still works";
        config.confinement.mode = "chroot-only";
        rawUnit = ''
          [Service]
          SystemCallFilter=~kill
          SystemCallErrorNumber=ELOOP
        '';
        testScript = ''
          with pytest.raises(OSError) as excinfo:
            os.kill(os.getpid(), signal.SIGKILL)
          assert excinfo.value.errno == errno.ELOOP
        '';
      }
    ]);

    config.users.groups.chroot-testgroup = {};
    config.users.users.chroot-testuser = {
      isSystemUser = true;
      description = "Chroot Test User";
      group = "chroot-testgroup";
    };
  };

  testScript = ''
    machine.wait_for_unit("multi-user.target")
  '';
}