(
    features: ["MAPPABLE_PRIMARY_BUFFERS"],
    expectations: [
        // Ensuring that mapping zero-inits buffers.
        (
            name: "mapped_at_creation: false, with MAP_WRITE",
            buffer: (index: 0, epoch: 1),
            offset: 0,
            data: Raw([0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00]),
        ),
        (
            name: "mapped_at_creation: false, without MAP_WRITE",
            buffer: (index: 1, epoch: 1),
            offset: 0,
            data: Raw([0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00]),
        ),
        (
            name: "partially written buffer",
            buffer: (index: 2, epoch: 1),
            offset: 0,
            data: Raw([0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
                       0x00, 0x00, 0x80, 0xBF,
                       0x00, 0x00, 0x80, 0xBF,
                       0x00, 0x00, 0x80, 0x3F,
                       0x00, 0x00, 0x80, 0x3F,
                       0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00]),
        ),
        // Ensuring that binding zero-inits buffers
        // (by observing correct side effects of compute shader reading & writing values)
        (
            name: "buffer has correct values",
            buffer: (index: 3, epoch: 1),
            offset: 0,
            data: Raw([0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
                       0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
                       0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
                       0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00]),
        )
    ],
    actions: [
        CreateBuffer(
            Id(0, 1),
            (
                label: Some("mapped_at_creation: false, with MAP_WRITE"),
                size: 16,
                usage: 131, // STORAGE + MAP_READ + MAP_WRITE
                mapped_at_creation: false,
            ),
        ),
        CreateBuffer(
            Id(1, 1),
            (
                label: Some("mapped_at_creation: false, without MAP_WRITE"),
                size: 16,
                usage: 129, // STORAGE + MAP_READ
                mapped_at_creation: false,
            ),
        ),
        CreateBuffer(
            Id(2, 1),
            (
                label: Some("partially written"),
                size: 24,
                usage: 9, // MAP_READ + COPY_DST
                mapped_at_creation: false,
            ),
        ),
        WriteBuffer(
            id: Id(2, 1),
            data: "data1.bin",
            range: (
                start: 4,
                end: 20,
            ),
            queued: true,
        ),
        CreateShaderModule(
            id: Id(0, 1),
            desc: (
                label: None,
                flags: (bits: 3),
            ),
            data: "zero-init-buffer-for-binding.wgsl",
        ),
        CreateBuffer(Id(3, 1), (
            label: Some("used in binding"),
            size: 16,
            usage: 129, // STORAGE + MAP_READ
            mapped_at_creation: false,
        )),
        CreateBindGroupLayout(Id(0, 1), (
            label: None,
            entries: [
                (
                    binding: 0,
                    visibility: 4,
                    ty: Buffer(
                        ty: Storage(
                            read_only: false,
                        ),
                        has_dynamic_offset: false,
                        min_binding_size: Some(16),
                    ),
                    count: None,
                ),
            ],
        )),
        CreateBindGroup(Id(0, 1), (
            label: None,
            layout: Id(0, 1),
            entries: [
                (
                    binding: 0,
                    resource: Buffer((
                        buffer_id: Id(3, 1),
                        offset: 0,
                        size: Some(16),
                    )),
                ),
            ],
        )),
        CreatePipelineLayout(Id(0, 1), (
            label: None,
            bind_group_layouts: [
                Id(0, 1),
            ],
            push_constant_ranges: [],
        )),
        CreateComputePipeline(
            id: Id(0, 1),
            desc: (
                label: None,
                layout: Some(Id(0, 1)),
                stage: (
                    module: Id(0, 1),
                    entry_point: None,
                    constants: {},
                    zero_initialize_workgroup_memory: true,
                    vertex_pulling_transform: false,
                ),
            ),
        ),
        Submit(1, [
            RunComputePass(
                base: (
                    label: None,
                    commands: [
                        SetPipeline(Id(0, 1)),
                        SetBindGroup(
                            index: 0,
                            num_dynamic_offsets: 0,
                            bind_group_id: Some(Id(0, 1)),
                        ),
                        Dispatch((4, 1, 1)),
                    ],
                    dynamic_offsets: [],
                    string_data: [],
                    push_constant_data: [],
                ),
            )
        ]),
    ]
)