// Copyright (c) 2019 The vulkano developers
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0
// <LICENSE-APACHE or
// https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> or the MIT
// license <LICENSE-MIT or https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>,
// at your option. All files in the project carrying such
// notice may not be copied, modified, or distributed except
// according to those terms.

// Indirect draw example
//
// Indirect draw calls allow us to issue a draw without needing to know the number of vertices
// until later when the draw is executed by the GPU.
//
// This is used in situations where vertices are being generated on the GPU, such as a GPU particle
// simulation, and the exact number of output vertices cannot be known until the compute shader has
// run.
//
// In this example the compute shader is trivial and the number of vertices does not change.
// However is does demonstrate that each compute instance atomically updates the vertex counter
// before filling the vertex buffer.
//
// For an explanation of how the rendering of the triangles takes place see the `triangle.rs`
// example.

use std::sync::Arc;
use vulkano::{
    buffer::{
        allocator::{SubbufferAllocator, SubbufferAllocatorCreateInfo},
        BufferContents, BufferUsage,
    },
    command_buffer::{
        allocator::StandardCommandBufferAllocator, AutoCommandBufferBuilder, CommandBufferUsage,
        DrawIndirectCommand, RenderPassBeginInfo,
    },
    descriptor_set::{
        allocator::StandardDescriptorSetAllocator, PersistentDescriptorSet, WriteDescriptorSet,
    },
    device::{
        physical::PhysicalDeviceType, Device, DeviceCreateInfo, DeviceExtensions, QueueCreateInfo,
        QueueFlags,
    },
    image::{view::ImageView, Image, ImageUsage},
    instance::{Instance, InstanceCreateFlags, InstanceCreateInfo},
    memory::allocator::{MemoryTypeFilter, StandardMemoryAllocator},
    pipeline::{
        compute::ComputePipelineCreateInfo,
        graphics::{
            color_blend::{ColorBlendAttachmentState, ColorBlendState},
            input_assembly::InputAssemblyState,
            multisample::MultisampleState,
            rasterization::RasterizationState,
            vertex_input::{Vertex, VertexDefinition},
            viewport::{Viewport, ViewportState},
            GraphicsPipelineCreateInfo,
        },
        layout::PipelineDescriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo,
        ComputePipeline, DynamicState, GraphicsPipeline, Pipeline, PipelineBindPoint,
        PipelineLayout, PipelineShaderStageCreateInfo,
    },
    render_pass::{Framebuffer, FramebufferCreateInfo, RenderPass, Subpass},
    single_pass_renderpass,
    swapchain::{
        acquire_next_image, Surface, Swapchain, SwapchainCreateInfo, SwapchainPresentInfo,
    },
    sync::{self, GpuFuture},
    Validated, VulkanError, VulkanLibrary,
};
use winit::{
    event::{Event, WindowEvent},
    event_loop::{ControlFlow, EventLoop},
    window::WindowBuilder,
};

fn main() {
    let event_loop = EventLoop::new();

    let library = VulkanLibrary::new().unwrap();
    let required_extensions = Surface::required_extensions(&event_loop);
    let instance = Instance::new(
        library,
        InstanceCreateInfo {
            flags: InstanceCreateFlags::ENUMERATE_PORTABILITY,
            enabled_extensions: required_extensions,
            ..Default::default()
        },
    )
    .unwrap();

    let window = Arc::new(WindowBuilder::new().build(&event_loop).unwrap());
    let surface = Surface::from_window(instance.clone(), window.clone()).unwrap();

    let device_extensions = DeviceExtensions {
        khr_swapchain: true,
        khr_storage_buffer_storage_class: true,
        ..DeviceExtensions::empty()
    };
    let (physical_device, queue_family_index) = instance
        .enumerate_physical_devices()
        .unwrap()
        .filter(|p| p.supported_extensions().contains(&device_extensions))
        .filter_map(|p| {
            p.queue_family_properties()
                .iter()
                .enumerate()
                .position(|(i, q)| {
                    q.queue_flags.intersects(QueueFlags::GRAPHICS)
                        && p.surface_support(i as u32, &surface).unwrap_or(false)
                })
                .map(|i| (p, i as u32))
        })
        .min_by_key(|(p, _)| match p.properties().device_type {
            PhysicalDeviceType::DiscreteGpu => 0,
            PhysicalDeviceType::IntegratedGpu => 1,
            PhysicalDeviceType::VirtualGpu => 2,
            PhysicalDeviceType::Cpu => 3,
            PhysicalDeviceType::Other => 4,
            _ => 5,
        })
        .unwrap();

    println!(
        "Using device: {} (type: {:?})",
        physical_device.properties().device_name,
        physical_device.properties().device_type,
    );

    let (device, mut queues) = Device::new(
        physical_device,
        DeviceCreateInfo {
            enabled_extensions: device_extensions,
            queue_create_infos: vec![QueueCreateInfo {
                queue_family_index,
                ..Default::default()
            }],
            ..Default::default()
        },
    )
    .unwrap();

    let queue = queues.next().unwrap();

    let (mut swapchain, images) = {
        let surface_capabilities = device
            .physical_device()
            .surface_capabilities(&surface, Default::default())
            .unwrap();
        let image_format = device
            .physical_device()
            .surface_formats(&surface, Default::default())
            .unwrap()[0]
            .0;

        Swapchain::new(
            device.clone(),
            surface,
            SwapchainCreateInfo {
                min_image_count: surface_capabilities.min_image_count.max(2),
                image_format,
                image_extent: window.inner_size().into(),
                image_usage: ImageUsage::COLOR_ATTACHMENT,
                composite_alpha: surface_capabilities
                    .supported_composite_alpha
                    .into_iter()
                    .next()
                    .unwrap(),
                ..Default::default()
            },
        )
        .unwrap()
    };

    mod vs {
        vulkano_shaders::shader! {
            ty: "vertex",
            src: r"
                #version 450

                // The triangle vertex positions.
                layout(location = 0) in vec2 position;

                void main() {
                    gl_Position = vec4(position, 0.0, 1.0);
                }
            ",
        }
    }

    mod fs {
        vulkano_shaders::shader! {
            ty: "fragment",
            src: r#"
                #version 450

                layout(location = 0) out vec4 f_color;

                void main() {
                    f_color = vec4(1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
                }
            "#,
        }
    }

    // A simple compute shader that generates vertices. It has two buffers bound: the first is
    // where we output the vertices, the second is the `IndirectDrawArgs` struct we passed the
    // `draw_indirect` so we can set the number to vertices to draw.
    mod cs {
        vulkano_shaders::shader! {
            ty: "compute",
            src: r"
                #version 450

                layout(local_size_x = 16, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;

                layout(set = 0, binding = 0) buffer Output {
                    vec2 pos[];
                } triangles;

                layout(set = 0, binding = 1) buffer IndirectDrawArgs {
                    uint vertices;
                    uint unused0;
                    uint unused1;
                    uint unused2;
                };

                void main() {
                    uint idx = gl_GlobalInvocationID.x;

                    // Each invocation of the compute shader is going to increment the counter, so 
                    // we need to use atomic operations for safety. The previous value of the 
                    // counter is returned so that gives us the offset into the vertex buffer this 
                    // thread can write it's vertices into.
                    uint offset = atomicAdd(vertices, 6);

                    vec2 center = vec2(-0.8, -0.8) + idx * vec2(0.1, 0.1);
                    triangles.pos[offset + 0] = center + vec2(0.0, 0.0375);
                    triangles.pos[offset + 1] = center + vec2(0.025, -0.01725);
                    triangles.pos[offset + 2] = center + vec2(-0.025, -0.01725);
                    triangles.pos[offset + 3] = center + vec2(0.0, -0.0375);
                    triangles.pos[offset + 4] = center + vec2(0.025, 0.01725);
                    triangles.pos[offset + 5] = center + vec2(-0.025, 0.01725);
                }
            ",
        }
    }

    let memory_allocator = Arc::new(StandardMemoryAllocator::new_default(device.clone()));

    // Each frame we generate a new set of vertices and each frame we need a new
    // DrawIndirectCommand struct to set the number of vertices to draw.
    let indirect_args_pool = SubbufferAllocator::new(
        memory_allocator.clone(),
        SubbufferAllocatorCreateInfo {
            buffer_usage: BufferUsage::INDIRECT_BUFFER | BufferUsage::STORAGE_BUFFER,
            memory_type_filter: MemoryTypeFilter::PREFER_DEVICE
                | MemoryTypeFilter::HOST_SEQUENTIAL_WRITE,
            ..Default::default()
        },
    );
    let vertex_pool = SubbufferAllocator::new(
        memory_allocator,
        SubbufferAllocatorCreateInfo {
            buffer_usage: BufferUsage::STORAGE_BUFFER | BufferUsage::VERTEX_BUFFER,
            memory_type_filter: MemoryTypeFilter::PREFER_DEVICE
                | MemoryTypeFilter::HOST_SEQUENTIAL_WRITE,
            ..Default::default()
        },
    );

    let compute_pipeline = {
        let cs = cs::load(device.clone())
            .unwrap()
            .entry_point("main")
            .unwrap();
        let stage = PipelineShaderStageCreateInfo::new(cs);
        let layout = PipelineLayout::new(
            device.clone(),
            PipelineDescriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo::from_stages([&stage])
                .into_pipeline_layout_create_info(device.clone())
                .unwrap(),
        )
        .unwrap();
        ComputePipeline::new(
            device.clone(),
            None,
            ComputePipelineCreateInfo::stage_layout(stage, layout),
        )
        .unwrap()
    };

    let render_pass = single_pass_renderpass!(
        device.clone(),
        attachments: {
            color: {
                format: swapchain.image_format(),
                samples: 1,
                load_op: Clear,
                store_op: Store,
            },
        },
        pass: {
            color: [color],
            depth_stencil: {},
        },
    )
    .unwrap();

    // `Vertex` is the vertex type that will be output from the compute shader and be input to the
    // vertex shader.
    #[derive(BufferContents, Vertex)]
    #[repr(C)]
    struct Vertex {
        #[format(R32G32_SFLOAT)]
        position: [f32; 2],
    }

    let render_pipeline = {
        let vs = vs::load(device.clone())
            .unwrap()
            .entry_point("main")
            .unwrap();
        let fs = fs::load(device.clone())
            .unwrap()
            .entry_point("main")
            .unwrap();
        let vertex_input_state = Vertex::per_vertex()
            .definition(&vs.info().input_interface)
            .unwrap();
        let stages = [
            PipelineShaderStageCreateInfo::new(vs),
            PipelineShaderStageCreateInfo::new(fs),
        ];
        let layout = PipelineLayout::new(
            device.clone(),
            PipelineDescriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo::from_stages(&stages)
                .into_pipeline_layout_create_info(device.clone())
                .unwrap(),
        )
        .unwrap();
        let subpass = Subpass::from(render_pass.clone(), 0).unwrap();

        GraphicsPipeline::new(
            device.clone(),
            None,
            GraphicsPipelineCreateInfo {
                stages: stages.into_iter().collect(),
                vertex_input_state: Some(vertex_input_state),
                input_assembly_state: Some(InputAssemblyState::default()),
                viewport_state: Some(ViewportState::default()),
                rasterization_state: Some(RasterizationState::default()),
                multisample_state: Some(MultisampleState::default()),
                color_blend_state: Some(ColorBlendState::with_attachment_states(
                    subpass.num_color_attachments(),
                    ColorBlendAttachmentState::default(),
                )),
                dynamic_state: [DynamicState::Viewport].into_iter().collect(),
                subpass: Some(subpass.into()),
                ..GraphicsPipelineCreateInfo::layout(layout)
            },
        )
        .unwrap()
    };

    let mut viewport = Viewport {
        offset: [0.0, 0.0],
        extent: [0.0, 0.0],
        depth_range: 0.0..=1.0,
    };
    let mut framebuffers = window_size_dependent_setup(&images, render_pass.clone(), &mut viewport);
    let mut recreate_swapchain = false;
    let mut previous_frame_end = Some(sync::now(device.clone()).boxed());

    let descriptor_set_allocator =
        StandardDescriptorSetAllocator::new(device.clone(), Default::default());
    let command_buffer_allocator =
        StandardCommandBufferAllocator::new(device.clone(), Default::default());

    event_loop.run(move |event, _, control_flow| {
        match event {
            Event::WindowEvent {
                event: WindowEvent::CloseRequested,
                ..
            } => {
                *control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit;
            }
            Event::WindowEvent {
                event: WindowEvent::Resized(_),
                ..
            } => {
                recreate_swapchain = true;
            }
            Event::RedrawEventsCleared => {
                let image_extent: [u32; 2] = window.inner_size().into();

                if image_extent.contains(&0) {
                    return;
                }

                previous_frame_end.as_mut().unwrap().cleanup_finished();

                if recreate_swapchain {
                    let (new_swapchain, new_images) = swapchain
                        .recreate(SwapchainCreateInfo {
                            image_extent,
                            ..swapchain.create_info()
                        })
                        .expect("failed to recreate swapchain");

                    swapchain = new_swapchain;
                    framebuffers = window_size_dependent_setup(
                        &new_images,
                        render_pass.clone(),
                        &mut viewport,
                    );
                    recreate_swapchain = false;
                }

                let (image_index, suboptimal, acquire_future) =
                    match acquire_next_image(swapchain.clone(), None).map_err(Validated::unwrap) {
                        Ok(r) => r,
                        Err(VulkanError::OutOfDate) => {
                            recreate_swapchain = true;
                            return;
                        }
                        Err(e) => panic!("failed to acquire next image: {e}"),
                    };

                if suboptimal {
                    recreate_swapchain = true;
                }

                // Allocate a buffer to hold the arguments for this frame's draw call. The compute
                // shader will only update `vertex_count`, so set the other parameters correctly
                // here.
                let indirect_commands = [DrawIndirectCommand {
                    vertex_count: 0,
                    instance_count: 1,
                    first_vertex: 0,
                    first_instance: 0,
                }];
                let indirect_buffer = indirect_args_pool
                    .allocate_slice(indirect_commands.len() as _)
                    .unwrap();
                indirect_buffer
                    .write()
                    .unwrap()
                    .copy_from_slice(&indirect_commands);

                // Allocate a buffer to hold this frame's vertices. This needs to be large enough
                // to hold the worst case number of vertices generated by the compute shader.
                let iter = (0..(6 * 16)).map(|_| Vertex { position: [0.0; 2] });
                let vertices = vertex_pool.allocate_slice(iter.len() as _).unwrap();
                for (o, i) in vertices.write().unwrap().iter_mut().zip(iter) {
                    *o = i;
                }

                // Pass the two buffers to the compute shader.
                let layout = compute_pipeline.layout().set_layouts().get(0).unwrap();
                let cs_desciptor_set = PersistentDescriptorSet::new(
                    &descriptor_set_allocator,
                    layout.clone(),
                    [
                        WriteDescriptorSet::buffer(0, vertices.clone()),
                        WriteDescriptorSet::buffer(1, indirect_buffer.clone()),
                    ],
                    [],
                )
                .unwrap();

                let mut builder = AutoCommandBufferBuilder::primary(
                    &command_buffer_allocator,
                    queue.queue_family_index(),
                    CommandBufferUsage::OneTimeSubmit,
                )
                .unwrap();

                // First in the command buffer we dispatch the compute shader to generate the
                // vertices and fill out the draw call arguments.
                builder
                    .bind_pipeline_compute(compute_pipeline.clone())
                    .unwrap()
                    .bind_descriptor_sets(
                        PipelineBindPoint::Compute,
                        compute_pipeline.layout().clone(),
                        0,
                        cs_desciptor_set,
                    )
                    .unwrap()
                    .dispatch([1, 1, 1])
                    .unwrap()
                    .begin_render_pass(
                        RenderPassBeginInfo {
                            clear_values: vec![Some([0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0].into())],
                            ..RenderPassBeginInfo::framebuffer(
                                framebuffers[image_index as usize].clone(),
                            )
                        },
                        Default::default(),
                    )
                    .unwrap()
                    .set_viewport(0, [viewport.clone()].into_iter().collect())
                    .unwrap()
                    .bind_pipeline_graphics(render_pipeline.clone())
                    .unwrap()
                    .bind_vertex_buffers(0, vertices)
                    .unwrap()
                    // The indirect draw call is placed in the command buffer with a reference to
                    // the buffer that will contain the arguments for the draw.
                    .draw_indirect(indirect_buffer)
                    .unwrap()
                    .end_render_pass(Default::default())
                    .unwrap();
                let command_buffer = builder.build().unwrap();

                let future = previous_frame_end
                    .take()
                    .unwrap()
                    .join(acquire_future)
                    .then_execute(queue.clone(), command_buffer)
                    .unwrap()
                    .then_swapchain_present(
                        queue.clone(),
                        SwapchainPresentInfo::swapchain_image_index(swapchain.clone(), image_index),
                    )
                    .then_signal_fence_and_flush();

                match future.map_err(Validated::unwrap) {
                    Ok(future) => {
                        previous_frame_end = Some(future.boxed());
                    }
                    Err(VulkanError::OutOfDate) => {
                        recreate_swapchain = true;
                        previous_frame_end = Some(sync::now(device.clone()).boxed());
                    }
                    Err(e) => {
                        println!("failed to flush future: {e}");
                        previous_frame_end = Some(sync::now(device.clone()).boxed());
                    }
                }
            }
            _ => (),
        }
    });
}

/// This function is called once during initialization, then again whenever the window is resized.
fn window_size_dependent_setup(
    images: &[Arc<Image>],
    render_pass: Arc<RenderPass>,
    viewport: &mut Viewport,
) -> Vec<Arc<Framebuffer>> {
    let extent = images[0].extent();
    viewport.extent = [extent[0] as f32, extent[1] as f32];

    images
        .iter()
        .map(|image| {
            let view = ImageView::new_default(image.clone()).unwrap();
            Framebuffer::new(
                render_pass.clone(),
                FramebufferCreateInfo {
                    attachments: vec![view],
                    ..Default::default()
                },
            )
            .unwrap()
        })
        .collect::<Vec<_>>()
}