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x.py |
The Rust Programming Language
This is the main source code repository for Rust. It contains the compiler, standard library, and documentation.
Note: this README is for users rather than contributors. If you wish to contribute to the compiler, you should read CONTRIBUTING.md instead.
Quick Start
Read "Installation" from The Book.
Installing from Source
The Rust build system uses a Python script called x.py
to build the compiler,
which manages the bootstrapping process. It lives at the root of the project.
The x.py
command can be run directly on most Unix systems in the following format:
./x.py <subcommand> [flags]
This is how the documentation and examples assume you are running x.py
. Some alternative ways are:
# On a Unix shell if you don't have the necessary `python3` command
./x <subcommand> [flags]
# On the Windows Command Prompt (if .py files are configured to run Python)
x.py <subcommand> [flags]
# You can also run Python yourself, e.g.:
python x.py <subcommand> [flags]
More information about x.py
can be found
by running it with the --help
flag or reading the rustc dev guide.
Dependencies
Make sure you have installed the dependencies:
python
3 or 2.7git
- A C compiler (when building for the host,
cc
is enough; cross-compiling may need additional compilers) curl
(not needed on Windows)pkg-config
if you are compiling on Linux and targeting Linuxlibiconv
(already included with glibc on Debian-based distros)
To build cargo, you'll also need OpenSSL (libssl-dev
or openssl-devel
on most Unix distros).
If building LLVM from source, you'll need additional tools:
g++
,clang++
, or MSVC with versions listed on LLVM's documentationninja
, or GNUmake
3.81 or later (ninja is recommended, especially on Windows)cmake
3.13.4 or laterlibstdc++-static
may be required on some Linux distributions such as Fedora and Ubuntu
On tier 1 or tier 2 with host tools platforms, you can also choose to download LLVM by setting llvm.download-ci-llvm = true
.
Otherwise, you'll need LLVM installed and llvm-config
in your path.
See the rustc-dev-guide for more info.
Building on a Unix-like system
-
Clone the source with
git
:git clone https://github.com/rust-lang/rust.git cd rust
-
Configure the build settings:
The Rust build system uses a file named
config.toml
in the root of the source tree to determine various configuration settings for the build. Set up the defaults intended for distros to get started. You can see a full list of options inconfig.toml.example
.printf 'profile = "user" \nchangelog-seen = 2 \n' > config.toml
If you plan to use
x.py install
to create an installation, it is recommended that you set theprefix
value in the[install]
section to a directory. -
Build and install:
./x.py build && ./x.py install
When complete,
./x.py install
will place several programs into$PREFIX/bin
:rustc
, the Rust compiler, andrustdoc
, the API-documentation tool. If you've setprofile = "user"
orbuild.extended = true
, it will also include Cargo, Rust's package manager.
Building on Windows
On Windows, we suggest using winget to install dependencies by running the following in a terminal:
winget install -e Python.Python.3
winget install -e Kitware.CMake
winget install -e Git.Git
Then edit your system's PATH
variable and add: C:\Program Files\CMake\bin
. See
this guide on editing the system PATH
from the
Java documentation.
There are two prominent ABIs in use on Windows: the native (MSVC) ABI used by Visual Studio and the GNU ABI used by the GCC toolchain. Which version of Rust you need depends largely on what C/C++ libraries you want to interoperate with. Use the MSVC build of Rust to interop with software produced by Visual Studio and the GNU build to interop with GNU software built using the MinGW/MSYS2 toolchain.
MinGW
MSYS2 can be used to easily build Rust on Windows:
-
Download the latest MSYS2 installer and go through the installer.
-
Run
mingw32_shell.bat
ormingw64_shell.bat
from the MSYS2 installation directory (e.g.C:\msys64
), depending on whether you want 32-bit or 64-bit Rust. (As of the latest version of MSYS2 you have to runmsys2_shell.cmd -mingw32
ormsys2_shell.cmd -mingw64
from the command line instead) -
From this terminal, install the required tools:
# Update package mirrors (may be needed if you have a fresh install of MSYS2) pacman -Sy pacman-mirrors # Install build tools needed for Rust. If you're building a 32-bit compiler, # then replace "x86_64" below with "i686". If you've already got git, python, # or CMake installed and in PATH you can remove them from this list. Note # that it is important that you do **not** use the 'python2', 'cmake' and 'ninja' # packages from the 'msys2' subsystem. The build has historically been known # to fail with these packages. pacman -S git \ make \ diffutils \ tar \ mingw-w64-x86_64-python \ mingw-w64-x86_64-cmake \ mingw-w64-x86_64-gcc \ mingw-w64-x86_64-ninja
-
Navigate to Rust's source code (or clone it), then build it:
./x.py build && ./x.py install
MSVC
MSVC builds of Rust additionally require an installation of Visual Studio 2017
(or later) so rustc
can use its linker. The simplest way is to get
Visual Studio, check the “C++ build tools” and “Windows 10 SDK” workload.
(If you're installing cmake yourself, be careful that “C++ CMake tools for Windows” doesn't get included under “Individual components”.)
With these dependencies installed, you can build the compiler in a cmd.exe
shell with:
python x.py build
Right now, building Rust only works with some known versions of Visual Studio. If you have a more recent version installed and the build system doesn't understand, you may need to force rustbuild to use an older version. This can be done by manually calling the appropriate vcvars file before running the bootstrap.
CALL "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvars64.bat"
python x.py build
Specifying an ABI
Each specific ABI can also be used from either environment (for example, using the GNU ABI in PowerShell) by using an explicit build triple. The available Windows build triples are:
- GNU ABI (using GCC)
i686-pc-windows-gnu
x86_64-pc-windows-gnu
- The MSVC ABI
i686-pc-windows-msvc
x86_64-pc-windows-msvc
The build triple can be specified by either specifying --build=<triple>
when
invoking x.py
commands, or by creating a config.toml
file (as described
in Installing From Source), and modifying the
build
option under the [build]
section.
Configure and Make
While it's not the recommended build system, this project also provides a
configure script and makefile (the latter of which just invokes x.py
).
./configure
make && sudo make install
configure
generates a config.toml
which can also be used with normal x.py
invocations.
Building Documentation
If you’d like to build the documentation, it’s almost the same:
./x.py doc
The generated documentation will appear under doc
in the build
directory for
the ABI used. I.e., if the ABI was x86_64-pc-windows-msvc
, the directory will be
build\x86_64-pc-windows-msvc\doc
.
Notes
Since the Rust compiler is written in Rust, it must be built by a precompiled "snapshot" version of itself (made in an earlier stage of development). As such, source builds require an Internet connection to fetch snapshots, and an OS that can execute the available snapshot binaries.
See https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/rustc/platform-support.html for a list of supported platforms. Only "host tools" platforms have a pre-compiled snapshot binary available; to compile for a platform without host tools you must cross-compile.
You may find that other platforms work, but these are our officially supported build environments that are most likely to work.
Getting Help
See https://www.rust-lang.org/community for a list of chat platforms and forums.
Contributing
See CONTRIBUTING.md.
License
Rust is primarily distributed under the terms of both the MIT license and the Apache License (Version 2.0), with portions covered by various BSD-like licenses.
See LICENSE-APACHE, LICENSE-MIT, and COPYRIGHT for details.
Trademark
The Rust Foundation owns and protects the Rust and Cargo trademarks and logos (the “Rust Trademarks”).
If you want to use these names or brands, please read the media guide.
Third-party logos may be subject to third-party copyrights and trademarks. See Licenses for details.