Clean up AstConv
Split off from #120926 to make it only contain the renaming & (doc) comment updates.
Any changes other than that which have accumulated over time are now part of this PR.
Let's be disciplined ;) Inspired by https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/120926#issuecomment-1997984483.
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* Remove `hir_trait_to_predicates`
* Unused since #113671
* Inline `create_args_for_ast_trait_ref`
* Only had a single call site
* Having it as a separate method didn't gain us anything
* Use an if-let guard somewhere to avoid unwrapping
* Avoid explicit trait object lifetimes
* More legible, stylistic-only (the updated code is 100% semantically identical)
* Use explicitly elided lifetimes in impl headers, they get elaborated to distinct lifetimes
* Make use of [object lifetime defaulting](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/lifetime-elision.html#default-trait-object-lifetimes) for a trait object type inside of a reference type somewhere
* Use preexisting dedicated method `ItemCtxt::to_ty` over `<dyn AstConv<'_>>::ast_ty_to_ty`
* Use preexisting dedicated method `AstConv::astconv` over explicit coercions
* Simplify the function signature of `create_args_for_ast_path` and of `check_generic_arg_count`
* In both cases redundant information was passed rendering the call sites verbose and confusing
* No perf impact (tested in [#120926](https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/120926))
* Move diagnostic method `report_ambiguous_associated_type` from `astconv` to `astconv::errors`
* The submodule `errors` exists specifically for that purpose
* Use it to keep the main module clean & short
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