Discard overflow obligations in `impl_may_apply`
Hacky fix for #123493. Throws away obligations that are overflowing in `impl_may_apply` when we recompute if an impl applies, since those will lead to fatal overflow if processed during fulfillment.
Something about #114811 (I think it's the predicate reordering) caused us to evaluate predicates differently in error reporting leading to fatal overflow, though I believe the underlying overflow is possible to hit since this code was rewritten to use fulfillment.
Fixes#123493