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Implement Return Type Notation (RTN)'s path form in where clauses Implement return type notation (RTN) in path position for where clauses. We already had RTN in associated type position ([e.g.](https://play.rust-lang.org/?version=nightly&mode=debug&edition=2021&gist=627a4fb8e2cb334863fbd08ed3722c09)), but per [the RFC](https://rust-lang.github.io/rfcs/3654-return-type-notation.html#where-rtn-can-be-used-for-now): > As a standalone type, RTN can only be used as the Self type of a where-clause [...] Specifically, in order to enable code like: ```rust trait Foo { fn bar() -> impl Sized; } fn is_send(_: impl Send) {} fn test<T>() where T: Foo, T::bar(..): Send, { is_send(T::bar()); } ``` * In the resolver, when we see a `TyKind::Path` whose final segment is `GenericArgs::ParenthesizedElided` (i.e. `(..)`), resolve that path in the *value* namespace, since we're looking for a method. * When lowering where clauses in HIR lowering, we first try to intercept an RTN self type via `lower_ty_maybe_return_type_notation`. If we find an RTN type, we lower it manually in a way that respects its higher-ranked-ness (see below) and resolves to the corresponding RPITIT. Anywhere else, we'll emit the same "return type notation not allowed in this position yet" error we do when writing RTN in every other position. * In `resolve_bound_vars`, we add some special treatment for RTN types in where clauses. Specifically, we need to add new lifetime variables to our binders for the early- and late-bound vars we encounter on the method. This implements the higher-ranked desugaring [laid out in the RFC](https://rust-lang.github.io/rfcs/3654-return-type-notation.html#converting-to-higher-ranked-trait-bounds). This PR also adds a bunch of tests, mostly negative ones (testing error messages). In a follow-up PR, I'm going to mark RTN as no longer incomplete, since this PR basically finishes the impl surface that we should initially stabilize, and the RFC was accepted. cc [RFC 3654](https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/pull/3654) and https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/109417 |
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