Stabilize associated type bounds (RFC 2289)
This PR stabilizes associated type bounds, which were laid out in [RFC 2289]. This gives us a shorthand to express nested type bounds that would otherwise need to be expressed with nested `impl Trait` or broken into several `where` clauses.
### What are we stabilizing?
We're stabilizing the associated item bounds syntax, which allows us to put bounds in associated type position within other bounds, i.e. `T: Trait<Assoc: Bounds...>`. See [RFC 2289] for motivation.
In all position, the associated type bound syntax expands into a set of two (or more) bounds, and never anything else (see "How does this differ[...]" section for more info).
Associated type bounds are stabilized in four positions:
* **`where` clauses (and APIT)** - This is equivalent to breaking up the bound into two (or more) `where` clauses. For example, `where T: Trait<Assoc: Bound>` is equivalent to `where T: Trait, <T as Trait>::Assoc: Bound`.
* **Supertraits** - Similar to above, `trait CopyIterator: Iterator<Item: Copy> {}`. This is almost equivalent to breaking up the bound into two (or more) `where` clauses; however, the bound on the associated item is implied whenever the trait is used. See #112573/#112629.
* **Associated type item bounds** - This allows constraining the *nested* rigid projections that are associated with a trait's associated types. e.g. `trait Trait { type Assoc: Trait2<Assoc2: Copy>; }`.
* **opaque item bounds (RPIT, TAIT)** - This allows constraining associated types that are associated with the opaque without having to *name* the opaque. For example, `impl Iterator<Item: Copy>` defines an iterator whose item is `Copy` without having to actually name that item bound.
The latter three are not expressible in surface Rust (though for associated type item bounds, this will change in #120752, which I don't believe should block this PR), so this does represent a slight expansion of what can be expressed in trait bounds.
### How does this differ from the RFC?
Compared to the RFC, the current implementation *always* desugars associated type bounds to sets of `ty::Clause`s internally. Specifically, it does *not* introduce a position-dependent desugaring as laid out in [RFC 2289], and in particular:
* It does *not* desugar to anonymous associated items in associated type item bounds.
* It does *not* desugar to nested RPITs in RPIT bounds, nor nested TAITs in TAIT bounds.
This position-dependent desugaring laid out in the RFC existed simply to side-step limitations of the trait solver, which have mostly been fixed in #120584. The desugaring laid out in the RFC also added unnecessary complication to the design of the feature, and introduces its own limitations to, for example:
* Conditionally lowering to nested `impl Trait` in certain positions such as RPIT and TAIT means that we inherit the limitations of RPIT/TAIT, namely lack of support for higher-ranked opaque inference. See this code example: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/120752#issuecomment-1979412531.
* Introducing anonymous associated types makes traits no longer object safe, since anonymous associated types are not nameable, and all associated types must be named in `dyn` types.
This last point motivates why this PR is *not* stabilizing support for associated type bounds in `dyn` types, e.g, `dyn Assoc<Item: Bound>`. Why? Because `dyn` types need to have *concrete* types for all associated items, this would necessitate a distinct lowering for associated type bounds, which seems both complicated and unnecessary compared to just requiring the user to write `impl Trait` themselves. See #120719.
### Implementation history:
Limited to the significant behavioral changes and fixes and relevant PRs, ping me if I left something out--
* #57428
* #108063
* #110512
* #112629
* #120719
* #120584Closes#52662
[RFC 2289]: https://rust-lang.github.io/rfcs/2289-associated-type-bounds.html
Update E0716.md for clarity
When reading through this, I got slightly hung up thinking the `let` it was referring to was the `let tmp` on line 25, which was confusing considering the comment states that the temporary is freed at the end of the block. I think adding this clarification could potentially help some beginners like myself without being overly verbose.
Invert diagnostic lints.
That is, change `diagnostic_outside_of_impl` and `untranslatable_diagnostic` from `allow` to `deny`, because more than half of the compiler has been converted to use translated diagnostics.
This commit removes more `deny` attributes than it adds `allow` attributes, which proves that this change is warranted.
r? ````@davidtwco````
That is, change `diagnostic_outside_of_impl` and
`untranslatable_diagnostic` from `allow` to `deny`, because more than
half of the compiler has be converted to use translated diagnostics.
This commit removes more `deny` attributes than it adds `allow`
attributes, which proves that this change is warranted.
When reading through this, I got slightly hung up thinking the `let` it was referring to was the `let tmp` on line 25, which was confusing considering the comment states that the temporary is freed at the end of the block. I think adding this clarification could potentially help some beginners like myself without being overly verbose.
Error codes are integers, but `String` is used everywhere to represent
them. Gross!
This commit introduces `ErrCode`, an integral newtype for error codes,
replacing `String`. It also introduces a constant for every error code,
e.g. `E0123`, and removes the `error_code!` macro. The constants are
imported wherever used with `use rustc_errors::codes::*`.
With the old code, we have three different ways to specify an error code
at a use point:
```
error_code!(E0123) // macro call
struct_span_code_err!(dcx, span, E0123, "msg"); // bare ident arg to macro call
\#[diag(name, code = "E0123")] // string
struct Diag;
```
With the new code, they all use the `E0123` constant.
```
E0123 // constant
struct_span_code_err!(dcx, span, E0123, "msg"); // constant
\#[diag(name, code = E0123)] // constant
struct Diag;
```
The commit also changes the structure of the error code definitions:
- `rustc_error_codes` now just defines a higher-order macro listing the
used error codes and nothing else.
- Because that's now the only thing in the `rustc_error_codes` crate, I
moved it into the `lib.rs` file and removed the `error_codes.rs` file.
- `rustc_errors` uses that macro to define everything, e.g. the error
code constants and the `DIAGNOSTIC_TABLES`. This is in its new
`codes.rs` file.
They've been deprecated for four years.
This commit includes the following changes.
- It eliminates the `rustc_plugin_impl` crate.
- It changes the language used for lints in
`compiler/rustc_driver_impl/src/lib.rs` and
`compiler/rustc_lint/src/context.rs`. External lints are now called
"loaded" lints, rather than "plugins" to avoid confusion with the old
plugins. This only has a tiny effect on the output of `-W help`.
- E0457 and E0498 are no longer used.
- E0463 is narrowed, now only relating to unfound crates, not plugins.
- The `plugin` feature was moved from "active" to "removed".
- It removes the entire plugins chapter from the unstable book.
- It removes quite a few tests, mostly all of those in
`tests/ui-fulldeps/plugin/`.
Closes#29597.
- Sort dependencies and features sections.
- Add `tidy` markers to the sorted sections so they stay sorted.
- Remove empty `[lib`] sections.
- Remove "See more keys..." comments.
Excluded files:
- rustc_codegen_{cranelift,gcc}, because they're external.
- rustc_lexer, because it has external use.
- stable_mir, because it has external use.
Show more information when multiple `impl`s apply
- When there are `impl`s without type params, show only those (to avoid showing overly generic `impl`s).
```
error[E0283]: type annotations needed
--> $DIR/multiple-impl-apply.rs:34:9
|
LL | let y = x.into();
| ^ ---- type must be known at this point
|
note: multiple `impl`s satisfying `_: From<Baz>` found
--> $DIR/multiple-impl-apply.rs:14:1
|
LL | impl From<Baz> for Bar {
| ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
...
LL | impl From<Baz> for Foo {
| ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
= note: required for `Baz` to implement `Into<_>`
help: consider giving `y` an explicit type
|
LL | let y: /* Type */ = x.into();
| ++++++++++++
```
- Lower the importance of `T: Sized`, `T: WellFormed` and coercion errors, to prioritize more relevant errors. The pre-existing deduplication logic deals with hiding redundant errors better that way, and we show errors with more metadata that is useful to the user.
- Show `<SelfTy as Trait>::assoc_fn` suggestion in more cases.
```
error[E0790]: cannot call associated function on trait without specifying the corresponding `impl` type
--> $DIR/cross-return-site-inference.rs:38:16
|
LL | return Err(From::from("foo"));
| ^^^^^^^^^^ cannot call associated function of trait
|
help: use a fully-qualified path to a specific available implementation
|
LL | return Err(</* self type */ as From>::from("foo"));
| +++++++++++++++++++ +
```
Fix#88284.
Stabilize `impl_trait_projections`
Closes#115659
## TL;DR:
This allows us to mention `Self` and `T::Assoc` in async fn and return-position `impl Trait`, as you would expect you'd be able to.
Some examples:
```rust
#![feature(return_position_impl_trait_in_trait, async_fn_in_trait)]
// (just needed for final tests below)
// ---------------------------------------- //
struct Wrapper<'a, T>(&'a T);
impl Wrapper<'_, ()> {
async fn async_fn() -> Self {
//^ Previously rejected because it returns `-> Self`, not `-> Wrapper<'_, ()>`.
Wrapper(&())
}
fn impl_trait() -> impl Iterator<Item = Self> {
//^ Previously rejected because it mentions `Self`, not `Wrapper<'_, ()>`.
std::iter::once(Wrapper(&()))
}
}
// ---------------------------------------- //
trait Trait<'a> {
type Assoc;
fn new() -> Self::Assoc;
}
impl Trait<'_> for () {
type Assoc = ();
fn new() {}
}
impl<'a, T: Trait<'a>> Wrapper<'a, T> {
async fn mk_assoc() -> T::Assoc {
//^ Previously rejected because `T::Assoc` doesn't mention `'a` in the HIR,
// but ends up resolving to `<T as Trait<'a>>::Assoc`, which does rely on `'a`.
// That's the important part -- the elided trait.
T::new()
}
fn a_few_assocs() -> impl Iterator<Item = T::Assoc> {
//^ Previously rejected for the same reason
[T::new(), T::new(), T::new()].into_iter()
}
}
// ---------------------------------------- //
trait InTrait {
async fn async_fn() -> Self;
fn impl_trait() -> impl Iterator<Item = Self>;
}
impl InTrait for &() {
async fn async_fn() -> Self { &() }
//^ Previously rejected just like inherent impls
fn impl_trait() -> impl Iterator<Item = Self> {
//^ Previously rejected just like inherent impls
[&()].into_iter()
}
}
```
## Technical:
Lifetimes in return-position `impl Trait` (and `async fn`) are duplicated as early-bound generics local to the opaque in order to make sure we are able to substitute any late-bound lifetimes from the function in the opaque's hidden type. (The [dev guide](https://rustc-dev-guide.rust-lang.org/return-position-impl-trait-in-trait.html#aside-opaque-lifetime-duplication) has a small section about why this is necessary -- this was written for RPITITs, but it applies to all RPITs)
Prior to #103491, all of the early-bound lifetimes not local to the opaque were replaced with `'static` to avoid issues where relating opaques caused their *non-captured* lifetimes to be related. This `'static` replacement led to strange and possibly unsound behaviors (https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/61949#issuecomment-508836314) (https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/53613) when referencing the `Self` type alias in an impl or indirectly referencing a lifetime parameter via a projection type (via a `T::Assoc` projection without an explicit trait), since lifetime resolution is performed on the HIR, when neither `T::Assoc`-style projections or `Self` in impls are expanded.
Therefore an error was implemented in #62849 to deny this subtle behavior as a known limitation of the compiler. It was attempted by `@cjgillot` to fix this in #91403, which was subsequently unlanded. Then it was re-attempted to much success (🎉) in #103491, which is where we currently are in the compiler.
The PR above (#103491) fixed this issue technically by *not* replacing the opaque's parent lifetimes with `'static`, but instead using variance to properly track which lifetimes are captured and are not. The PR gated any of the "side-effects" of the PR behind a feature gate (`impl_trait_projections`) presumably to avoid having to involve T-lang or T-types in the PR as well. `@cjgillot` can clarify this if I'm misunderstanding what their intention was with the feature gate.
Since we're not replacing (possibly *invariant*!) lifetimes with `'static` anymore, there are no more soundness concerns here. Therefore, this PR removes the feature gate.
Tests:
* `tests/ui/async-await/feature-self-return-type.rs`
* `tests/ui/impl-trait/feature-self-return-type.rs`
* `tests/ui/async-await/issues/issue-78600.rs`
* `tests/ui/impl-trait/capture-lifetime-not-in-hir.rs`
---
r? cjgillot on the impl (not much, just removing the feature gate)
I'm gonna mark this as FCP for T-lang and T-types.
subst -> instantiate
continues #110793, there are still quite a few uses of `subst` and `substitute`, but changing them all in the same PR was a bit too much, so I've stopped here for now.
Gate and validate `#[rustc_safe_intrinsic]`
Copied over from #116159:
> This was added as ungated in https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/100719/files#diff-09c366d3ad3ec9a42125253b610ca83cad6b156aa2a723f6c7e83eddef7b1e8fR502, probably because the author looked at the surrounding attributes, which are ungated because they are gated specially behind the staged_api feature.
>
> I don't think we need to crater this, the attribute is entirely useless without the intrinsics feature, which is already unstable..
r? ``@Nilstrieb``
