Stabilize associated type bounds (RFC 2289)
This PR stabilizes associated type bounds, which were laid out in [RFC 2289]. This gives us a shorthand to express nested type bounds that would otherwise need to be expressed with nested `impl Trait` or broken into several `where` clauses.
### What are we stabilizing?
We're stabilizing the associated item bounds syntax, which allows us to put bounds in associated type position within other bounds, i.e. `T: Trait<Assoc: Bounds...>`. See [RFC 2289] for motivation.
In all position, the associated type bound syntax expands into a set of two (or more) bounds, and never anything else (see "How does this differ[...]" section for more info).
Associated type bounds are stabilized in four positions:
* **`where` clauses (and APIT)** - This is equivalent to breaking up the bound into two (or more) `where` clauses. For example, `where T: Trait<Assoc: Bound>` is equivalent to `where T: Trait, <T as Trait>::Assoc: Bound`.
* **Supertraits** - Similar to above, `trait CopyIterator: Iterator<Item: Copy> {}`. This is almost equivalent to breaking up the bound into two (or more) `where` clauses; however, the bound on the associated item is implied whenever the trait is used. See #112573/#112629.
* **Associated type item bounds** - This allows constraining the *nested* rigid projections that are associated with a trait's associated types. e.g. `trait Trait { type Assoc: Trait2<Assoc2: Copy>; }`.
* **opaque item bounds (RPIT, TAIT)** - This allows constraining associated types that are associated with the opaque without having to *name* the opaque. For example, `impl Iterator<Item: Copy>` defines an iterator whose item is `Copy` without having to actually name that item bound.
The latter three are not expressible in surface Rust (though for associated type item bounds, this will change in #120752, which I don't believe should block this PR), so this does represent a slight expansion of what can be expressed in trait bounds.
### How does this differ from the RFC?
Compared to the RFC, the current implementation *always* desugars associated type bounds to sets of `ty::Clause`s internally. Specifically, it does *not* introduce a position-dependent desugaring as laid out in [RFC 2289], and in particular:
* It does *not* desugar to anonymous associated items in associated type item bounds.
* It does *not* desugar to nested RPITs in RPIT bounds, nor nested TAITs in TAIT bounds.
This position-dependent desugaring laid out in the RFC existed simply to side-step limitations of the trait solver, which have mostly been fixed in #120584. The desugaring laid out in the RFC also added unnecessary complication to the design of the feature, and introduces its own limitations to, for example:
* Conditionally lowering to nested `impl Trait` in certain positions such as RPIT and TAIT means that we inherit the limitations of RPIT/TAIT, namely lack of support for higher-ranked opaque inference. See this code example: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/120752#issuecomment-1979412531.
* Introducing anonymous associated types makes traits no longer object safe, since anonymous associated types are not nameable, and all associated types must be named in `dyn` types.
This last point motivates why this PR is *not* stabilizing support for associated type bounds in `dyn` types, e.g, `dyn Assoc<Item: Bound>`. Why? Because `dyn` types need to have *concrete* types for all associated items, this would necessitate a distinct lowering for associated type bounds, which seems both complicated and unnecessary compared to just requiring the user to write `impl Trait` themselves. See #120719.
### Implementation history:
Limited to the significant behavioral changes and fixes and relevant PRs, ping me if I left something out--
* #57428
* #108063
* #110512
* #112629
* #120719
* #120584Closes#52662
[RFC 2289]: https://rust-lang.github.io/rfcs/2289-associated-type-bounds.html
core: document default attribute stabilization
As of now, the first release which stabilized the `#[default]` macro for the deriving the `Default` trait for enus is not documented.
I have had to search the [`RELEASES.md`](https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/blob/master/RELEASES.md) when making sure my code would be accepted by an older Rust compiler.
I just added a line in the doc comment since, as far as I know, there's no option to pass to the `#[stable()]` attribute.
I am open to improvements in the wording.
Add as_(mut_)ptr and as_(mut_)slice to raw array pointers
Hey, first time contributing to the standard libraries so not completely sure about the process.
These functions are complementary to the ones being added in #74265 . I found them missing on array pointers.
See also:
- ACP: https://github.com/rust-lang/libs-team/issues/321
- Tracking issue: #119834
Optimize `ptr::replace`
#83022 optimized `mem::replace` to reduce the number of `memcpy`s. `ptr::replace`, which is [documented to behave just like `mem::replace`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/ptr/fn.replace.html), was not optimized however, leading to [worse code](https://godbolt.org/z/T3hdEEdfe) and missed optimizations. This PR simply forwards `ptr::replace` to `mem::replace` to take advantage of the better implementation.
Use `UnsafeCell` for fast constant thread locals
This uses `UnsafeCell` instead of `static mut` for fast constant thread locals. This changes the type of the TLS shims to return `&UnsafeCell<T>` instead of `*mut T` which means they are always non-null so LLVM can optimize away the check for `Some` in `LocalKey::with` if `T` has no destructor.
LLVM is currently unable to do this optimization as we lose the fact that `__getit` always returns `Some` as it gets optimized to just returning the value of the TLS shim.
Bump windows-bindgen to 0.55.0
windows-bindgen is the crate used to generate std's Windows API bindings.
Not many changes for us, it's mostly just simplifying the generate code (e.g. no more `-> ()`). The one substantial change is some structs now use `i8` byte arrays instead of `u8`. However, this only impacts one test.
Mention labelled blocks in `break` docs
`break` doesn't require a loop, so note this in the docs. This is covered in the linked sections of the rust reference, but this page implied that `break` is only for loops.
`break` doesn't require a loop, so note this in the docs.
This is covered in the linked sections of the rust reference,
but this page implied that `break` is only for loops.
Cursor.rs documentation fix
Reason:
I've been learning Rust std library and got confused. Seek trait documentation clearly states that negative indexes will cause an error. And the code in the Cursor example uses negative index. I found myself trying to understand what am I missing until I've actually executed the code and got error. I decided to submit small fix to the documentation.
Rollup of 10 pull requests
Successful merges:
- #117118 ([AIX] Remove AixLinker's debuginfo() implementation)
- #121650 (change std::process to drop supplementary groups based on CAP_SETGID)
- #121764 (Make incremental sessions identity no longer depend on the crate names provided by source code)
- #122212 (Copy byval argument to alloca if alignment is insufficient)
- #122322 (coverage: Initial support for branch coverage instrumentation)
- #122373 (Fix the conflict problem between the diagnostics fixes of lint `unnecessary_qualification` and `unused_imports`)
- #122479 (Implement `Duration::as_millis_{f64,f32}`)
- #122487 (Rename `StmtKind::Local` variant into `StmtKind::Let`)
- #122498 (Update version of cc crate)
- #122503 (Make `SubdiagMessageOp` well-formed)
r? `@ghost`
`@rustbot` modify labels: rollup
Update version of cc crate
Reason:
In order to build the Windows version of the Rust toolchain for the Android platform, the following patch to the cc is crate is required to avoid incorrectly determining that we are building with the Android NDK: 57853c4bf8
This patch is present in version 1.0.80 and newer versions of the cc crate. The rustc source distribution currently has 3 different versions of cc in the vendor directory, only one of which has the necessary fix.
We (the Android Rust toolchain) are currently maintaining local patches to upgrade the cc crate dependency versions, which we would like to upstream.
Implement `Duration::as_millis_{f64,f32}`
Implementation of #122451.
Linked const-unstability to #72440, so the post there should probably be updated to mentions the 2 new methods when/if this PR is merged.
change std::process to drop supplementary groups based on CAP_SETGID
A trivial rebase of #95982
Should fix#39186 (from what I can tell)
Original description:
> Fixes#88716
>
> * Before this change, when a process was given a uid via `std::os::unix::process::CommandExt.uid`, there would be a `setgroups` call (when the process runs) to clear supplementary groups for the child **if the parent was root** (to remove potentially unwanted permissions).
> * After this change, supplementary groups are cleared if we have permission to do so, that is, if we have the CAP_SETGID capability.
>
> This new behavior was agreed upon in #88716 but there was a bit of uncertainty from `@Amanieu` here: [#88716 (comment)](https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/88716#issuecomment-973366600)
>
> > I agree with this change, but is it really necessary to ignore an EPERM from setgroups? If you have permissions to change UID then you should also have permissions to change groups. I would feel more comfortable if we documented set_uid as requiring both UID and GID changing permissions.
>
> The way I've currently written it, we ignore an EPERM as that's what #88716 originally suggested. I'm not at all an expert in any of this so I'd appreciate feedback on whether that was the right way to go.
Reason:
In order to build the Windows version of the Rust toolchain for the Android platform, the following patch to the cc is crate is required to avoid incorrectly determining that we are building with the Android NDK: 57853c4bf8
This patch is present in version 1.0.80 and newer versions of the cc crate. The rustc source distribution currently has 3 different versions of cc in the vendor directory, only one of which has the necessary fix.
We (the Android Rust toolchain) are currently maintaining local patches to upgrade the cc crate dependency versions, which we would like to upstream.
Avoid closing invalid handles
Documentation for [`HandleOrInvalid`] has this note:
> If holds a handle other than `INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE`, it will close the handle on drop.
Documentation for [`HandleOrNull`] has this note:
> If this holds a non-null handle, it will close the handle on drop.
Currently, both will call `CloseHandle` on their invalid handles as a result of using `OwnedHandle` internally, contradicting the above paragraphs. This PR adds destructors that match the documentation.
```@rustbot``` label A-io O-windows T-libs
[`HandleOrInvalid`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/os/windows/io/struct.HandleOrInvalid.html
[`HandleOrNull`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/os/windows/io/struct.HandleOrNull.html
Rollup of 9 pull requests
Successful merges:
- #104353 (Add CStr::bytes iterator)
- #119676 (rustdoc-search: search types by higher-order functions)
- #120699 (Document `TRACK_DIAGNOSTIC` calls.)
- #121899 (Document how removing a type's field can be bad and what to do instead)
- #122405 (Add methods to create StableMIR constant)
- #122416 (Various style improvements to `rustc_lint::levels`)
- #122421 (Improve `Step` docs)
- #122440 (const-eval: organize and extend tests for required-consts)
- #122461 (fix unsoundness in Step::forward_unchecked for signed integers)
Failed merges:
- #122397 (Various cleanups around the const eval query providers)
r? `@ghost`
`@rustbot` modify labels: rollup
fix unsoundness in Step::forward_unchecked for signed integers
Fixes#122420
```rust
pub fn foo(a: i8, b: u8) -> i8 {
unsafe { a.checked_add_unsigned(b).unwrap_unchecked() }
}
```
still compiles down to a single arithmetic instruction ([godbolt](https://rust.godbolt.org/z/qsd3xYWfE)).
But we may be losing some loop optimizations if llvm can no longer easily derive that it's a finite counted loop from the no-wrapping flags.
Improve `Step` docs
It [came up on urlo](https://users.rust-lang.org/t/implement-trait-step-in-1-76-0/108204?u=cad97) that the unstable reason string isn't helpful, so just remove it; there's nothing meaningful to add here.
Also makes a couple drive-by improvements to the method docs -- removes incorrect references, changes `forward_checked`'s invariant formulation to match `backward_checked`'s, and adds a helpful corollary that `step_unchecked(a, 0)` is always safe.
Add CStr::bytes iterator
See rust-lang/libs-team#135 for an ACP.
Since rust-lang/libs-team#134 was also accepted, this type is now `core::ffi::c_str::Bytes` instead of `core::ffi::CStrBytes`.
unix time module now return result
First try to fix#108277 without break anything.
if anyone who read this know tips to be able to check compilation for different target I could use some help. So far I installed many target with rustup but `./x check --all-targets` doesn't seem to use them.
TODO:
- [x] better error
- [ ] test, how ?
`@rustbot` label -S-waiting-on-author +S-waiting-on-review
Use `min_exhaustive_patterns` in core & std
[`min_exhaustive_patterns`](https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/119612) provides a subset of the functionality of [`exhaustive_patterns`](https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/51085) which is likely to be stabilized much earlier than the full feature.
The subset covers all the compiler and std use cases. `compiler/` [already uses it](9dd6eda778); this PR switches `std` over.
