fix multiple issues when promoting type-test subject
Multiple interdependent fixes. See linked issues for a short description of each.
When Promoting a type-test `T: 'a` from within the closure back to its parent function, there are a couple pre-existing bugs and limitations. They were exposed by the recent changes to opaque types because the type-test subject (`T`) is no longer a simple ParamTy.
Commit 1:
Fixes#108635Fixes#107426
Commit 2:
Fixes#108639
Commit 3:
Fixes#107516
rework min_choice algorithm of member constraints
See [this comment](https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/105300#issuecomment-1384312743) for the description of the new algorithm.
Fixes#63033Fixes#104639
This uses a more general algorithm than #89056 that doesn't treat `'static` as a special case. It thus accepts more code. For example:
```rust
async fn test2<'s>(_: &'s u8, _: &'_ &'s u8, _: &'_ &'s u8) {}
```
I claim it's more correct as well because it fixes#104639.
cc ``@nikomatsakis`` ``@lqd`` ``@tmandry`` ``@eholk`` ``@chenyukang`` ``@oli-obk``
r? types
