fix multiple issues when promoting type-test subject
Multiple interdependent fixes. See linked issues for a short description of each.
When Promoting a type-test `T: 'a` from within the closure back to its parent function, there are a couple pre-existing bugs and limitations. They were exposed by the recent changes to opaque types because the type-test subject (`T`) is no longer a simple ParamTy.
Commit 1:
Fixes#108635Fixes#107426
Commit 2:
Fixes#108639
Commit 3:
Fixes#107516
