Clear response values for overflow in new solver
When we have an overflow, return a trivial query response. This fixes an ICE with the code described in #110544:
```rust
trait Trait {}
struct W<T>(T);
impl<T, U> Trait for W<(W<T>, W<U>)>
where
W<T>: Trait,
W<U>: Trait,
{}
fn impls<T: Trait>() {}
fn main() {
impls::<W<_>>()
}
```
Where, while proving `W<?0>: Trait`, we overflow but still apply the query response of `?0 = (W<?1>, W<?2>)`. Then while re-processing the query to validate that our evaluation result was stable, we get a different query response that looks like `?1 = (W<?3>, W<?4>), ?2 = (W<?5>, W<?6>)`, and so we trigger the ICE.
Also, by returning a trivial query response we also avoid the infinite-loop/OOM behavior of the old solver.
r? ``@lcnr``
Consider polarity in new solver
It's kinda ugly to have a polarity check in all of the builtin impls -- I guess I could consider the polarity at the top of assemble-builtin but that would require adding a polarity fn to `GoalKind`...
🤷 putting this up just so i dont forget, since it's needed to bootstrap core during coherence (this alone does not allow core to bootstrap though, additional work is needed!)
r? ``@lcnr``
Allow to feed a value in another query's cache and remove `WithOptConstParam`
I used it to remove `WithOptConstParam` queries, as an example.
The idea is that a query (here `typeck(function)`) can write into another query's cache (here `type_of(anon const)`). The dependency node for `type_of` would depend on all the current dependencies of `typeck`.
There is still an issue with cycles: if `type_of(anon const)` is accessed before `typeck(function)`, we will still have the usual cycle. The way around this issue is to `ensure` that `typeck(function)` is called before accessing `type_of(anon const)`.
When replayed, we may the following cases:
- `typeck` is green, in that case `type_of` is green too, and all is right;
- `type_of` is green, `typeck` may still be marked as red (it depends on strictly more things than `type_of`) -> we verify that the saved value and the re-computed value of `type_of` have the same hash;
- `type_of` is red, then `typeck` is red -> it's the caller responsibility to ensure `typeck` is recomputed *before* `type_of`.
As `anon consts` have their own `DefPathData`, it's not possible to have the def-id of the anon-const point to something outside the original function, but the general case may have to be resolved before using this device more broadly.
There is an open question about loading from the on-disk cache. If `typeck` is loaded from the on-disk cache, the side-effect does not happen. The regular `type_of` implementation can go and fetch the correct value from the decoded `typeck` results, and the dep-graph will check that the hashes match, but I'm not sure we want to rely on this behaviour.
I specifically allowed to feed the value to `type_of` from inside a call to `type_of`. In that case, the dep-graph will check that the fingerprints of both values match.
This implementation is still very sensitive to cycles, and requires that we call `typeck(function)` before `typeck(anon const)`. The reason is that `typeck(anon const)` calls `type_of(anon const)`, which calls `typeck(function)`, which feeds `type_of(anon const)`, and needs to build the MIR so needs `typeck(anon const)`. The latter call would not cycle, since `type_of(anon const)` has been set, but I'd rather not remove the cycle check.
Various minor Idx-related tweaks
Nothing particularly exciting here, but a couple of things I noticed as I was looking for more index conversions to simplify.
cc https://github.com/rust-lang/compiler-team/issues/606
r? `@WaffleLapkin`
don't uniquify regions when canonicalizing
uniquifying causes a bunch of issues, most notably it causes `AliasEq(<?x as Trait<'a>>::Assoc, <?x as Trait<'a>>::Assoc)` to result in ambiguity because both `normalizes-to` paths result in ambiguity and substs equate should trivially succeed but doesn't because we uniquified `'a` to two different regions.
I originally added uniquification to make it easier to deal with requirement 6 from the dev-guide: https://rustc-dev-guide.rust-lang.org/solve/trait-solving.html#requirements
> ### 6. Trait solving must be (free) lifetime agnostic
>
> Trait solving during codegen should have the same result as during typeck. As we erase
> all free regions during codegen we must not rely on them during typeck. A noteworthy example
> is special behavior for `'static`.
cc https://github.com/rust-lang/rustc-dev-guide/pull/1671
Relying on regions being identical may cause ICE during MIR typeck, but even without this PR we can end up relying on that as type inference vars can resolve to types which contain an identical region. Let's land this and deal with any ICE that crop up as we go. Will look at this issue again before stabilization.
r? ```@compiler-errors```
