internally change regions to be covariant
Surprisingly, we consider the reference type `&'a T` to be contravaraint in its lifetime parameter. This is confusing and conflicts with the documentation we have in the reference, rustnomicon, and rustc-dev-guide. This also arguably not the correct use of terminology since we can use `&'static u8` in a place where `&' a u8` is expected, this implies that `&'static u8 <: &' a u8` and consequently `'static <: ' a`, hence covariance.
Because of this, when relating two types, we used to switch the argument positions in a confusing way:
`Subtype(&'a u8 <: &'b u8) => Subtype('b <: 'a) => Outlives('a: 'b) => RegionSubRegion('b <= 'a)`
The reason for the current behavior is probably that we wanted `Subtype('b <: 'a)` and `RegionSubRegion('b <= 'a)` to be equivalent, but I don' t think this is a good reason since these relations are sufficiently different in that the first is a relation in the subtyping lattice and is intrinsic to the type-systems, while the the second relation is an implementation detail of regionck.
This PR changes this behavior to use covariance, so..
`Subtype(&'a u8 <: &'b u8) => Subtype('a <: 'b) => Outlives('a: 'b) => RegionSubRegion('b <= 'a) `
Resolves#103676
r? `@lcnr`
Use UnordMap and UnordSet for id collections (DefIdMap, LocalDefIdMap, etc)
This PR changes the `rustc_data_structures::define_id_collections!` macro to use `UnordMap` and `UnordSet` instead of `FxHashMap` and `FxHashSet`. This should account for a large portion of hash-maps being used in places where they can cause trouble.
The changes required are moderate but non-zero:
- In some places the collections are extracted into sorted vecs.
- There are a few instances where for-loops have been changed to extends.
~~Let's see what the performance impact is. With a bit more refactoring, we might be able to get rid of some of the additional sorting -- but the change set is already big enough. Unless there's a performance impact, I'd like to do further changes in subsequent PRs.~~
Performance does not seem to be negatively affected ([perf-run here](https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/106977#issuecomment-1396776699)).
Part of [MCP 533](https://github.com/rust-lang/compiler-team/issues/533).
r? `@ghost`
document + UI test `E0208` and make its output more user-friendly
Cleans up `E0208`'s output a lot. It could actually be useful for someone learning about variance now. I also added a UI test for it in `tests/ui/error-codes/` and wrote some docs for it.
r? `@GuillaumeGomez` another error code, can't be bothered to find the issue :P. Obviously there's some compiler stuff, so you'll have to hand it off.
Part of https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/61137.
Switching them to `Break(())` and `Continue(())` instead.
libs-api would like to remove these constants, so stop using them in compiler to make the removal PR later smaller.
spastorino noticed some silly expressions like `item_id.def_id.def_id`.
This commit renames several `def_id: OwnerId` fields as `owner_id`, so
those expressions become `item_id.owner_id.def_id`.
`item_id.owner_id.local_def_id` would be even clearer, but the use of
`def_id` for values of type `LocalDefId` is *very* widespread, so I left
that alone.
