core: add `From<core::ascii::Char>` implementations
Introduce `From<core::ascii::Char>` implementations for all unsigned
numeric types and `char`. This matches the API of `char` type.
Issue: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/110998
std: make `HEAP` initializer never inline
The system allocator for Windows calls `init_or_get_process_heap` every time allocating. It generates very much useless code and makes the binary larger. The `HEAP` only needs to initialize once before the main fn.
Concerns:
* I'm not sure if `init` will be properly called in cdylib.
* Do we need to ensure the allocator works if the user enables `no_main`?
* Should we panic if `GetProcessHeap` returns null?
Rename `pointer` field on `Pin`
A few days ago, I was helping another user create a self-referential type using `PhantomPinned`. However, I noticed an odd behavior when I tried to access one of the type's fields via `Pin`'s `Deref` impl:
```rust
use std::{marker::PhantomPinned, ptr};
struct Pinned {
data: i32,
pointer: *const i32,
_pin: PhantomPinned,
}
fn main() {
let mut b = Box::pin(Pinned {
data: 42,
pointer: ptr::null(),
_pin: PhantomPinned,
});
{
let pinned = unsafe { b.as_mut().get_unchecked_mut() };
pinned.pointer = &pinned.data;
}
println!("{}", unsafe { *b.pointer });
}
```
```rust
error[E0658]: use of unstable library feature 'unsafe_pin_internals'
--> <source>:19:30
|
19 | println!("{}", unsafe { *b.pointer });
| ^^^^^^^^^
error[E0277]: `Pinned` doesn't implement `std::fmt::Display`
--> <source>:19:20
|
19 | println!("{}", unsafe { *b.pointer });
| ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ `Pinned` cannot be formatted with the default formatter
|
= help: the trait `std::fmt::Display` is not implemented for `Pinned`
= note: in format strings you may be able to use `{:?}` (or {:#?} for pretty-print) instead
= note: this error originates in the macro `$crate::format_args_nl` which comes from the expansion of the macro `println` (in Nightly builds, run with -Z macro-backtrace for more info)
```
Since the user named their field `pointer`, it conflicts with the `pointer` field on `Pin`, which is public but unstable since Rust 1.60.0 with #93176. On versions from 1.33.0 to 1.59.0, where the field on `Pin` is private, this program compiles and prints `42` as expected.
To avoid this confusing behavior, this PR renames `pointer` to `__pointer`, so that it's less likely to conflict with a `pointer` field on the underlying type, as accessed through the `Deref` impl. This is technically a breaking change for anyone who names their field `__pointer` on the inner type; if this is undesirable, it could be renamed to something more longwinded. It's also a nightly breaking change for any external users of `unsafe_pin_internals`.
impl `From<&[T; N]>` for `Cow<[T]>`
Implement `From<&[T; N]>` for `Cow<[T]>` to simplify its usage in the following example.
```rust
fn foo(data: impl Into<Cow<'static, [&'static str]>>) { /* ... */ }
fn main() {
foo(vec!["hello", "world"]);
foo(&["hello", "world"]); // Error: the trait `From<&[&str; 2]>` is not implemented for `Cow<'static, [&'static str]>`
foo(&["hello", "world"] as &[_]); // Explicit convertion into a slice is required
}
```
stabilise array methods
Closes#76118
Stabilises the remaining array methods
FCP is yet to be carried out for this
There wasn't a clear consensus on the naming, but all the other alternatives had some flaws as discussed in the tracking issue and there was a silence on this issue for a year
Remove special-case handling of `vec.split_off(0)`
#76682 added special handling to `Vec::split_off` for the case where `at == 0`. Instead of copying the vector's contents into a freshly-allocated vector and returning it, the special-case code steals the old vector's allocation, and replaces it with a new (empty) buffer with the same capacity.
That eliminates the need to copy the existing elements, but comes at a surprising cost, as seen in #119913. The returned vector's capacity is no longer determined by the size of its contents (as would be expected for a freshly-allocated vector), and instead uses the full capacity of the old vector.
In cases where the capacity is large but the size is small, that results in a much larger capacity than would be expected from reading the documentation of `split_off`. This is especially bad when `split_off` is called in a loop (to recycle a buffer), and the returned vectors have a wide variety of lengths.
I believe it's better to remove the special-case code, and treat `at == 0` just like any other value:
- The current documentation states that `split_off` returns a “newly allocated vector”, which is not actually true in the current implementation when `at == 0`.
- If the value of `at` could be non-zero at runtime, then the caller has already agreed to the cost of a full memcpy of the taken elements in the general case. Avoiding that copy would be nice if it were close to free, but the different handling of capacity means that it is not.
- If the caller specifically wants to avoid copying in the case where `at == 0`, they can easily implement that behaviour themselves using `mem::replace`.
Fixes#119913.
Specialize `Bytes` on `StdinLock<'_>`
I noticed recently, while profiling a little project, that I was spending a lot of time reading from stdin (even with locking). I was using the `.bytes()` iterator adaptor; I figured, since `StdinLock` is a `BufReader` internally, it would work just as fast. But this is not the case, as `Bytes` is only specialized for the raw `BufReader`, and not the `StdinLock`/`MutexGuard` wrapper. Performance improved significantly when I wrapped the lock in a new `BufReader`, but I was still a bit sore about the double buffer indirection.
This PR attempts to specialize it, by simply calling the already specialized implementation on `BufReader`.
Initial implementation of `str::from_raw_parts[_mut]`
ACP (accepted): rust-lang/libs-team#167
Tracking issue: #119206
Thanks to ``@Kixiron`` for previous work on this (#107207)
``@rustbot`` label +T-libs-api -T-libs
r? ``@thomcc``
Closes#107207.
remove StructuralEq trait
The documentation given for the trait is outdated: *all* function pointers implement `PartialEq` and `Eq` these days. So the `StructuralEq` trait doesn't really seem to have any reason to exist any more.
One side-effect of this PR is that we allow matching on some consts that do not implement `Eq`. However, we already allowed matching on floats and consts containing floats, so this is not new, it is just allowed in more cases now. IMO it makes no sense at all to allow float matching but also sometimes require an `Eq` instance. If we want to require `Eq` we should adjust https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/115893 to check for `Eq`, and rule out float matching for good.
Fixes https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/115881
Clean up after clone3 removal from pidfd code (docs and tests)
https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/113939 removed clone3 from pidfd code. This patchset does necessary clean up: fixes docs and tests
Add `AsyncFn` family of traits
I'm proposing to add a new family of `async`hronous `Fn`-like traits to the standard library for experimentation purposes.
## Why do we need new traits?
On the user side, it is useful to be able to express `AsyncFn` trait bounds natively via the parenthesized sugar syntax, i.e. `x: impl AsyncFn(&str) -> String` when experimenting with async-closure code.
This also does not preclude `AsyncFn` becoming something else like a trait alias if a more fundamental desugaring (which can take many[^1] different[^2] forms) comes around. I think we should be able to play around with `AsyncFn` well before that, though.
I'm also not proposing stabilization of these trait names any time soon (we may even want to instead express them via new syntax, like `async Fn() -> ..`), but I also don't think we need to introduce an obtuse bikeshedding name, since `AsyncFn` just makes sense.
## The lending problem: why not add a more fundamental primitive of `LendingFn`/`LendingFnMut`?
Firstly, for `async` closures to be as flexible as possible, they must be allowed to return futures which borrow from the async closure's captures. This can be done by introducing `LendingFn`/`LendingFnMut` traits, or (equivalently) by adding a new generic associated type to `FnMut` which allows the return type to capture lifetimes from the `&mut self` argument of the trait. This was proposed in one of [Niko's blog posts](https://smallcultfollowing.com/babysteps/blog/2023/05/09/giving-lending-and-async-closures/).
Upon further experimentation, for the purposes of closure type- and borrow-checking, I've come to the conclusion that it's significantly harder to teach the compiler how to handle *general* lending closures which may borrow from their captures. This is, because unlike `Fn`/`FnMut`, the `LendingFn`/`LendingFnMut` traits don't form a simple "inheritance" hierarchy whose top trait is `FnOnce`.
```mermaid
flowchart LR
Fn
FnMut
FnOnce
LendingFn
LendingFnMut
Fn -- isa --> FnMut
FnMut -- isa --> FnOnce
LendingFn -- isa --> LendingFnMut
Fn -- isa --> LendingFn
FnMut -- isa --> LendingFnMut
```
For example:
```
fn main() {
let s = String::from("hello, world");
let f = move || &s;
let x = f(); // This borrows `f` for some lifetime `'1` and returns `&'1 String`.
```
That trait hierarchy means that in general for "lending" closures, like `f` above, there's not really a meaningful return type for `<typeof(f) as FnOnce>::Output` -- it can't return `&'static str`, for example.
### Special-casing this problem:
By splitting out these traits manually, and making sure that each trait has its own associated future type, we side-step the issue of having to answer the questions of a general `LendingFn`/`LendingFnMut` implementation, since the compiler knows how to generate built-in implementations for first-class constructs like async closures, including the required future types for the (by-move) `AsyncFnOnce` and (by-ref) `AsyncFnMut`/`AsyncFn` trait implementations.
[^1]: For example, with trait transformers, we may eventually be able to write: `trait AsyncFn = async Fn;`
[^2]: For example, via the introduction of a more fundamental "`LendingFn`" trait, plus a [special desugaring with augmented trait aliases](https://rust-lang.zulipchat.com/#narrow/stream/213817-t-lang/topic/Lending.20closures.20and.20Fn*.28.29.20-.3E.20impl.20Trait/near/408471480).
Replacement of #114390: Add new intrinsic `is_var_statically_known` and optimize pow for powers of two
This adds a new intrinsic `is_val_statically_known` that lowers to [``@llvm.is.constant.*`](https://llvm.org/docs/LangRef.html#llvm-is-constant-intrinsic).` It also applies the intrinsic in the int_pow methods to recognize and optimize the idiom `2isize.pow(x)`. See #114390 for more discussion.
While I have extended the scope of the power of two optimization from #114390, I haven't added any new uses for the intrinsic. That can be done in later pull requests.
Note: When testing or using the library, be sure to use `--stage 1` or higher. Otherwise, the intrinsic will be a noop and the doctests will be skipped. If you are trying out edits, you may be interested in [`--keep-stage 0`](https://rustc-dev-guide.rust-lang.org/building/suggested.html#faster-builds-with---keep-stage).
Fixes#47234Resolves#114390
`@Centri3`
Add a new `wasm32-wasi-preview2` target
This is the initial implementation of the MCP https://github.com/rust-lang/compiler-team/issues/694 creating a new tier 3 target `wasm32-wasi-preview2`. That MCP has been seconded and will most likely be approved in a little over a week from now. For more information on the need for this target, please read the [MCP](https://github.com/rust-lang/compiler-team/issues/694).
There is one aspect of this PR that will become insta-stable once these changes reach a stable compiler:
* A new `target_family` named `wasi` is introduced. This target family incorporates all wasi targets including `wasm32-wasi` and its derivative `wasm32-wasi-preview1-threads`. The difference between `target_family = wasi` and `target_os = wasi` will become much clearer when `wasm32-wasi` is renamed to `wasm32-wasi-preview1` and the `target_os` becomes `wasm32-wasi-preview1`. You can read about this target rename in [this MCP](https://github.com/rust-lang/compiler-team/issues/695) which has also been seconded and will hopefully be officially approved soon.
Additional technical details include:
* Both `std::sys::wasi_preview2` and `std::os::wasi_preview2` have been created and mostly use `#[path]` annotations on their submodules to reach into the existing `wasi` (soon to be `wasi_preview1`) modules. Over time the differences between `wasi_preview1` and `wasi_preview2` will grow and most like all `#[path]` based module aliases will fall away.
* Building `wasi-preview2` relies on a [`wasi-sdk`](https://github.com/WebAssembly/wasi-sdk) in the same way that `wasi-preview1` does (one must include a `wasi-root` path in the `Config.toml` pointing to sysroot included in the wasi-sdk). The target should build against [wasi-sdk v21](https://github.com/WebAssembly/wasi-sdk/releases/tag/wasi-sdk-21) without modifications. However, the wasi-sdk itself is growing [preview2 support](https://github.com/WebAssembly/wasi-sdk/pull/370) so this might shift rapidly. We will be following along quickly to make sure that building the target remains possible as the wasi-sdk changes.
* This requires a [patch to libc](https://github.com/rylev/rust-libc/tree/wasm32-wasi-preview2) that we'll need to land in conjunction with this change. Until that patch lands the target won't actually build.
Add `NonZero*::count_ones`
This PR adds the following APIs to the standard library:
```rust
impl NonZero* {
pub const fn count_ones(self) -> NonZeroU32;
}
```
This is potentially interesting, given that `count_ones` can't ever return 0.
r? libs-api
remove tests/ui/command/command-create-pidfd.rs . But it contains
very useful comment, so let's move the comment to library/std/src/sys/pal/unix/rand.rs ,
which contains another instance of the same Docker problem
Rollup of 9 pull requests
Successful merges:
- #112806 (Small code improvements in `collect_intra_doc_links.rs`)
- #119766 (Split tait and impl trait in assoc items logic)
- #120139 (Do not normalize closure signature when building `FnOnce` shim)
- #120160 (Manually implement derived `NonZero` traits.)
- #120171 (Fix assume and assert in jump threading)
- #120183 (Add `#[coverage(off)]` to closures introduced by `#[test]` and `#[bench]`)
- #120195 (add several resolution test cases)
- #120259 (Split Diagnostics for Uncommon Codepoints: Add List to Display Characters Involved)
- #120261 (Provide structured suggestion to use trait objects in some cases of `if` arm type divergence)
r? `@ghost`
`@rustbot` modify labels: rollup
Add `#[coverage(off)]` to closures introduced by `#[test]` and `#[bench]`
These closures are an internal implementation detail of the `#[test]` and `#[bench]` attribute macros, so from a user perspective there is no reason to instrument them for coverage.
Skipping them makes coverage reports slightly cleaner, and will also allow other changes to span processing during coverage instrumentation, without having to worry about how they affect the `#[test]` macro.
The `#[coverage(off)]` attribute has no effect when `-Cinstrument-coverage` is not used.
Fixes#120046.
---
Note that this PR has no effect on the user-written function that has the `#[test]` attribute attached to it. That function will still be instrumented as normal.
Manually implement derived `NonZero` traits.
Step 3 as mentioned in https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/100428#pullrequestreview-1767139731.
Manually implement the traits that would cause “borrow of layout constrained field with interior mutability” errors when switching to `NonZero<T>`.
r? ```@dtolnay```
Use `Self` in `NonZero*` implementations.
This slightly reduces the size of the eventual diff when making these generic, since this can be merged independently.
riscv32im-risc0-zkvm-elf: add target
This pull request adds RISC Zero's Zero Knowledge Virtual Machine (zkVM) as a target for rust. The zkVM used to produce proofs of execution of RISC-V ELF binaries. In order to do this, the target will execute the ELF to generate a receipt containing the output of the computation along with a cryptographic seal. This receipt can be verified to ensure the integrity of the computation and its result. This target is implemented as software only; it has no hardware implementation.
## Tier 3 target policy:
Here is a copy of the tier 3 target policy:
> Tier 3 target policy:
>
> At this tier, the Rust project provides no official support for a target, so we
> place minimal requirements on the introduction of targets.
>
> A proposed new tier 3 target must be reviewed and approved by a member of the
> compiler team based on these requirements. The reviewer may choose to gauge
> broader compiler team consensus via a [[Major Change Proposal (MCP)](https://forge.rust-lang.org/compiler/mcp.html)](https://forge.rust-lang.org/compiler/mcp.html).
>
> A proposed target or target-specific patch that substantially changes code
> shared with other targets (not just target-specific code) must be reviewed and
> approved by the appropriate team for that shared code before acceptance.
>
> - A tier 3 target must have a designated developer or developers (the "target
> maintainers") on record to be CCed when issues arise regarding the target.
> (The mechanism to track and CC such developers may evolve over time.)
The maintainers are named in the target description file
> - Targets must use naming consistent with any existing targets; for instance, a
> target for the same CPU or OS as an existing Rust target should use the same
> name for that CPU or OS. Targets should normally use the same names and
> naming conventions as used elsewhere in the broader ecosystem beyond Rust
> (such as in other toolchains), unless they have a very good reason to
> diverge. Changing the name of a target can be highly disruptive, especially
> once the target reaches a higher tier, so getting the name right is important
> even for a tier 3 target.
> - Target names should not introduce undue confusion or ambiguity unless
> absolutely necessary to maintain ecosystem compatibility. For example, if
> the name of the target makes people extremely likely to form incorrect
> beliefs about what it targets, the name should be changed or augmented to
> disambiguate it.
> - If possible, use only letters, numbers, dashes and underscores for the name.
> Periods (`.`) are known to cause issues in Cargo.
>
We understand.
> - Tier 3 targets may have unusual requirements to build or use, but must not
> create legal issues or impose onerous legal terms for the Rust project or for
> Rust developers or users.
> - The target must not introduce license incompatibilities.
We understand and will not introduce incompatibilities. All of our code that we publish is licensed under Apache-2.0.
> - Anything added to the Rust repository must be under the standard Rust license (`MIT OR Apache-2.0`).
We understand. We are open to either license for the Rust repository.
> - The target must not cause the Rust tools or libraries built for any other
> host (even when supporting cross-compilation to the target) to depend
> on any new dependency less permissive than the Rust licensing policy. This
> applies whether the dependency is a Rust crate that would require adding
> new license exceptions (as specified by the `tidy` tool in the
> rust-lang/rust repository), or whether the dependency is a native library
> or binary. In other words, the introduction of the target must not cause a
> user installing or running a version of Rust or the Rust tools to be
> subject to any new license requirements.
We understand. The runtime libraries and the execution environment and software associated with this environment uses `Apache-2.0` so this should not be an issue.
> - Compiling, linking, and emitting functional binaries, libraries, or other
> code for the target (whether hosted on the target itself or cross-compiling
> from another target) must not depend on proprietary (non-FOSS) libraries.
> Host tools built for the target itself may depend on the ordinary runtime
> libraries supplied by the platform and commonly used by other applications
> built for the target, but those libraries must not be required for code
> generation for the target; cross-compilation to the target must not require
> such libraries at all. For instance, `rustc` built for the target may
> depend on a common proprietary C runtime library or console output library,
> but must not depend on a proprietary code generation library or code
> optimization library. Rust's license permits such combinations, but the
> Rust project has no interest in maintaining such combinations within the
> scope of Rust itself, even at tier 3.
We understand. We only depend on FOSS libraries. Dependencies such as runtime libraries for this target are licensed as `Apache-2.0`.
> - "onerous" here is an intentionally subjective term. At a minimum, "onerous"
> legal/licensing terms include but are *not* limited to: non-disclosure
> requirements, non-compete requirements, contributor license agreements
> (CLAs) or equivalent, "non-commercial"/"research-only"/etc terms,
> requirements conditional on the employer or employment of any particular
> Rust developers, revocable terms, any requirements that create liability
> for the Rust project or its developers or users, or any requirements that
> adversely affect the livelihood or prospects of the Rust project or its
> developers or users.
There are no such terms present
> - Neither this policy nor any decisions made regarding targets shall create any
> binding agreement or estoppel by any party. If any member of an approving
> Rust team serves as one of the maintainers of a target, or has any legal or
> employment requirement (explicit or implicit) that might affect their
> decisions regarding a target, they must recuse themselves from any approval
> decisions regarding the target's tier status, though they may otherwise
> participate in discussions.
I am not the reviewer of this pull request
> - This requirement does not prevent part or all of this policy from being
> cited in an explicit contract or work agreement (e.g. to implement or
> maintain support for a target). This requirement exists to ensure that a
> developer or team responsible for reviewing and approving a target does not
> face any legal threats or obligations that would prevent them from freely
> exercising their judgment in such approval, even if such judgment involves
> subjective matters or goes beyond the letter of these requirements.
We understand.
> - Tier 3 targets should attempt to implement as much of the standard libraries
> as possible and appropriate (`core` for most targets, `alloc` for targets
> that can support dynamic memory allocation, `std` for targets with an
> operating system or equivalent layer of system-provided functionality), but
> may leave some code unimplemented (either unavailable or stubbed out as
> appropriate), whether because the target makes it impossible to implement or
> challenging to implement. The authors of pull requests are not obligated to
> avoid calling any portions of the standard library on the basis of a tier 3
> target not implementing those portions.
The target implements core and alloc. And std support is currently experimental as some functionalities in std are either a) not applicable to our target or b) more work in research and experimentation needs to be done. For more information about the characteristics of this target, please refer to the target description file.
> - The target must provide documentation for the Rust community explaining how
> to build for the target, using cross-compilation if possible. If the target
> supports running binaries, or running tests (even if they do not pass), the
> documentation must explain how to run such binaries or tests for the target,
> using emulation if possible or dedicated hardware if necessary.
See file target description file
> - Tier 3 targets must not impose burden on the authors of pull requests, or
> other developers in the community, to maintain the target. In particular,
> do not post comments (automated or manual) on a PR that derail or suggest a
> block on the PR based on a tier 3 target. Do not send automated messages or
> notifications (via any medium, including via ``@`)` to a PR author or others
> involved with a PR regarding a tier 3 target, unless they have opted into
> such messages.
We understand.
> - Backlinks such as those generated by the issue/PR tracker when linking to
> an issue or PR are not considered a violation of this policy, within
> reason. However, such messages (even on a separate repository) must not
> generate notifications to anyone involved with a PR who has not requested
> such notifications.
We understand.
> - Patches adding or updating tier 3 targets must not break any existing tier 2
> or tier 1 target, and must not knowingly break another tier 3 target without
> approval of either the compiler team or the maintainers of the other tier 3
> target.
> - In particular, this may come up when working on closely related targets,
> such as variations of the same architecture with different features. Avoid
> introducing unconditional uses of features that another variation of the
> target may not have; use conditional compilation or runtime detection, as
> appropriate, to let each target run code supported by that target.
We understand.
> If a tier 3 target stops meeting these requirements, or the target maintainers
> no longer have interest or time, or the target shows no signs of activity and
> has not built for some time, or removing the target would improve the quality
> of the Rust codebase, we may post a PR to remove it; any such PR will be CCed
> to the target maintainers (and potentially other people who have previously
> worked on the target), to check potential interest in improving the situation.
We understand.
Use `assert_unchecked` instead of `assume` intrinsic in the standard library
Now that a public wrapper for the `assume` intrinsic exists, we can use it in the standard library.
CC #119131
Revert stabilization of trait_upcasting feature
Reverts #118133
This reverts commit 6d2b84b3ed, reversing changes made to 73bc12199e.
The feature has a soundness bug:
* #120222
It is unclear to me whether we'll actually want to destabilize, but I thought it was still prudent to open the PR for easy destabilization once we get there.
Document `Token{Stream,Tree}::Display` more thoroughly.
To expressly warn against the kind of proc macro implementation that was broken in #119875.
r? ``@petrochenkov``
Consolidate logic around resolving built-in coroutine trait impls
Deduplicates a lot of code. Requires defining a new lang item for `Coroutine::resume` for consistency, but it seems not harmful at worst, and potentially later useful at best.
r? oli-obk
