Enforce that query results implement Debug
Currently, we require that query keys implement `Debug`, but we do not do the same for query values. This can make incremental compilation bugs difficult to debug - there isn't a good place to print out the result loaded from disk.
This PR adds `Debug` bounds to several query-related functions, allowing us to debug-print the query value when an 'unstable fingerprint' error occurs. This required adding `#[derive(Debug)]` to a fairly large number of types - hopefully, this doesn't have much of an impact on compiler bootstrapping times.
Before:
```
thread 'rustc' panicked at 'attempt to read from stolen value', /home/joshua/rustc/compiler/rustc_data_structures/src/steal.rs:43:15
```
After:
```
thread 'rustc' panicked at 'attempt to steal from stolen value', compiler/rustc_mir/src/transform/mod.rs:423:25
```
