Tests added in cast-target-abi.rs, covering the single element, array,
and prefix cases in `CastTarget::llvm_type`, and the Rust-is-larger/smaller
cases in the Rust<->ABI copying code.
ffi-out-of-bounds-loads.rs was overhauled to be runnable on any
platform. Its alignment also increases due to the removal of a `min` in
the previous commit; this was probably an insufficient workaround for
this issue or similar. The higher alignment is fine, since the alloca is
actually aligned to 8 bytes, as the test checks now confirm.
