Add new tier 3 target: `x86_64-unknown-none`
Adds support for compiling OS kernels or other bare-metal applications for the x86-64 architecture.
Below are details on how this target meets the requirements for tier 3:
> A tier 3 target must have a designated developer or developers (the "target maintainers") on record to be CCed when issues arise regarding the target. (The mechanism to track and CC such developers may evolve over time.)
I would be willing to be a target maintainer, though I would appreciate if others volunteered to help with that as well.
> Targets must use naming consistent with any existing targets; for instance, a target for the same CPU or OS as an existing Rust target should use the same name for that CPU or OS. Targets should normally use the same names and naming conventions as used elsewhere in the broader ecosystem beyond Rust (such as in other toolchains), unless they have a very good reason to diverge. Changing the name of a target can be highly disruptive, especially once the target reaches a higher tier, so getting the name right is important even for a tier 3 target.
Uses the same naming as the LLVM target, and the same convention as many other bare-metal targets.
> Target names should not introduce undue confusion or ambiguity unless absolutely necessary to maintain ecosystem compatibility. For example, if the name of the target makes people extremely likely to form incorrect beliefs about what it targets, the name should be changed or augmented to disambiguate it.
I don't believe there is any ambiguity here.
> Tier 3 targets may have unusual requirements to build or use, but must not create legal issues or impose onerous legal terms for the Rust project or for Rust developers or users.
I don't see any legal issues here.
> The target must not introduce license incompatibilities.
> Anything added to the Rust repository must be under the standard Rust license (MIT OR Apache-2.0).
> The target must not cause the Rust tools or libraries built for any other host (even when supporting cross-compilation to the target) to depend on any new dependency less permissive than the Rust licensing policy. This applies whether the dependency is a Rust crate that would require adding new license exceptions (as specified by the tidy tool in the rust-lang/rust repository), or whether the dependency is a native library or binary. In other words, the introduction of the target must not cause a user installing or running a version of Rust or the Rust tools to be subject to any new license requirements.
>If the target supports building host tools (such as rustc or cargo), those host tools must not depend on proprietary (non-FOSS) libraries, other than ordinary runtime libraries supplied by the platform and commonly used by other binaries built for the target. For instance, rustc built for the target may depend on a common proprietary C runtime library or console output library, but must not depend on a proprietary code generation library or code optimization library. Rust's license permits such combinations, but the Rust project has no interest in maintaining such combinations within the scope of Rust itself, even at tier 3.
> Targets should not require proprietary (non-FOSS) components to link a functional binary or library.
> "onerous" here is an intentionally subjective term. At a minimum, "onerous" legal/licensing terms include but are not limited to: non-disclosure requirements, non-compete requirements, contributor license agreements (CLAs) or equivalent, "non-commercial"/"research-only"/etc terms, requirements conditional on the employer or employment of any particular Rust developers, revocable terms, any requirements that create liability for the Rust project or its developers or users, or any requirements that adversely affect the livelihood or prospects of the Rust project or its developers or users.
I see no issues with any of the above.
> Neither this policy nor any decisions made regarding targets shall create any binding agreement or estoppel by any party. If any member of an approving Rust team serves as one of the maintainers of a target, or has any legal or employment requirement (explicit or implicit) that might affect their decisions regarding a target, they must recuse themselves from any approval decisions regarding the target's tier status, though they may otherwise participate in discussions.
> This requirement does not prevent part or all of this policy from being cited in an explicit contract or work agreement (e.g. to implement or maintain support for a target). This requirement exists to ensure that a developer or team responsible for reviewing and approving a target does not face any legal threats or obligations that would prevent them from freely exercising their judgment in such approval, even if such judgment involves subjective matters or goes beyond the letter of these requirements.
Only relevant to those making approval decisions.
> Tier 3 targets should attempt to implement as much of the standard libraries as possible and appropriate (core for most targets, alloc for targets that can support dynamic memory allocation, std for targets with an operating system or equivalent layer of system-provided functionality), but may leave some code unimplemented (either unavailable or stubbed out as appropriate), whether because the target makes it impossible to implement or challenging to implement. The authors of pull requests are not obligated to avoid calling any portions of the standard library on the basis of a tier 3 target not implementing those portions.
`core` and `alloc` can be used. `std` cannot be used as this is a bare-metal target.
> The target must provide documentation for the Rust community explaining how to build for the target, using cross-compilation if possible. If the target supports running tests (even if they do not pass), the documentation must explain how to run tests for the target, using emulation if possible or dedicated hardware if necessary.
Use `--target=x86_64-unknown-none-elf` option to cross compile, just like any target. The target does not support running tests.
> Tier 3 targets must not impose burden on the authors of pull requests, or other developers in the community, to maintain the target. In particular, do not post comments (automated or manual) on a PR that derail or suggest a block on the PR based on a tier 3 target. Do not send automated messages or notifications (via any medium, including via `@)` to a PR author or others involved with a PR regarding a tier 3 target, unless they have opted into such messages.
> Backlinks such as those generated by the issue/PR tracker when linking to an issue or PR are not considered a violation of this policy, within reason. However, such messages (even on a separate repository) must not generate notifications to anyone involved with a PR who has not requested such notifications.
I don't foresee this being a problem.
> Patches adding or updating tier 3 targets must not break any existing tier 2 or tier 1 target, and must not knowingly break another tier 3 target without approval of either the compiler team or the maintainers of the other tier 3 target.
> In particular, this may come up when working on closely related targets, such as variations of the same architecture with different features. Avoid introducing unconditional uses of features that another variation of the target may not have; use conditional compilation or runtime detection, as appropriate, to let each target run code supported by that target.
No other targets should be affected by the pull request.
Add LLVM CFI support to the Rust compiler
This PR adds LLVM Control Flow Integrity (CFI) support to the Rust compiler. It initially provides forward-edge control flow protection for Rust-compiled code only by aggregating function pointers in groups identified by their number of arguments.
Forward-edge control flow protection for C or C++ and Rust -compiled code "mixed binaries" (i.e., for when C or C++ and Rust -compiled code share the same virtual address space) will be provided in later work as part of this project by defining and using compatible type identifiers (see Type metadata in the design document in the tracking issue #89653).
LLVM CFI can be enabled with -Zsanitizer=cfi and requires LTO (i.e., -Clto).
Thank you, `@eddyb` and `@pcc,` for all the help!
This commit adds LLVM Control Flow Integrity (CFI) support to the Rust
compiler. It initially provides forward-edge control flow protection for
Rust-compiled code only by aggregating function pointers in groups
identified by their number of arguments.
Forward-edge control flow protection for C or C++ and Rust -compiled
code "mixed binaries" (i.e., for when C or C++ and Rust -compiled code
share the same virtual address space) will be provided in later work as
part of this project by defining and using compatible type identifiers
(see Type metadata in the design document in the tracking issue #89653).
LLVM CFI can be enabled with -Zsanitizer=cfi and requires LTO (i.e.,
-Clto).
Most Rust freestanding/bare-metal targets use just `-unknown-none` here,
including aarch64-unknown-none, mipsel-unknown-none, and the BPF
targets. The *only* target using `-unknown-none-elf` is RISC-V.
The underlying toolchain doesn't care; LLVM accepts both `x86_64-unknown-none`
and `x86_64-unknown-none-elf`.
In addition, there's a long history of embedded x86 targets with varying
definitions for the `elf` suffix; on some of those embedded targets,
`elf` implied the inclusion of a C library based on newlib or similar.
Using `x86_64-unknown-none` avoids any potential ambiguity there.
(Work on this target sponsored by Profian.)
SOLID[1] is an embedded development platform provided by Kyoto
Microcomputer Co., Ltd. This commit introduces a basic Tier 3 support
for SOLID.
# New Targets
The following targets are added:
- `aarch64-kmc-solid_asp3`
- `armv7a-kmc-solid_asp3-eabi`
- `armv7a-kmc-solid_asp3-eabihf`
SOLID's target software system can be divided into two parts: an
RTOS kernel, which is responsible for threading and synchronization,
and Core Services, which provides filesystems, networking, and other
things. The RTOS kernel is a μITRON4.0[2][3]-derived kernel based on
the open-source TOPPERS RTOS kernels[4]. For uniprocessor systems
(more precisely, systems where only one processor core is allocated for
SOLID), this will be the TOPPERS/ASP3 kernel. As μITRON is
traditionally only specified at the source-code level, the ABI is
unique to each implementation, which is why `asp3` is included in the
target names.
More targets could be added later, as we support other base kernels
(there are at least three at the point of writing) and are interested
in supporting other processor architectures in the future.
# C Compiler
Although SOLID provides its own supported C/C++ build toolchain, GNU Arm
Embedded Toolchain seems to work for the purpose of building Rust.
# Unresolved Questions
A μITRON4 kernel can support `Thread::unpark` natively, but it's not
used by this commit's implementation because the underlying kernel
feature is also used to implement `Condvar`, and it's unclear whether
`std` should guarantee that parking tokens are not clobbered by other
synchronization primitives.
# Unsupported or Unimplemented Features
Most features are implemented. The following features are not
implemented due to the lack of native support:
- `fs::File::{file_attr, truncate, duplicate, set_permissions}`
- `fs::{symlink, link, canonicalize}`
- Process creation
- Command-line arguments
Backtrace generation is not really a good fit for embedded targets, so
it's intentionally left unimplemented. Unwinding is functional, however.
## Dynamic Linking
Dynamic linking is not supported. The target platform supports dynamic
linking, but enabling this in Rust causes several problems.
- The linker invocation used to build the shared object of `std` is
too long for the platform-provided linker to handle.
- A linker script with specific requirements is required for the
compiled shared object to be actually loadable.
As such, we decided to disable dynamic linking for now. Regardless, the
users can try to create shared objects by manually invoking the linker.
## Executable
Building an executable is not supported as the notion of "executable
files" isn't well-defined for these targets.
[1] https://solid.kmckk.com/SOLID/
[2] http://ertl.jp/ITRON/SPEC/mitron4-e.html
[3] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ITRON_project
[4] https://toppers.jp/
ARMv6K Nintendo 3DS Tier 3 target added
Addition of the target specifications to build .elf files for Nintendo 3DS (ARMv6K, Horizon). Requires devkitARM 3DS toolkit for system libraries and arm-none-eabi-gcc linker.
Add c_enum_min_bits target spec field, use for arm-none and thumb-none targets
Fixes https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/87917
<s>Haven't tested this yet, still playing around.</s>
This seems to fix the issue.
* This commit adds the aarch64-unknown-uefi target and also adds it into
the supported targets list under the tier-3 target table.
* Uses the small code model by default
Signed-off-by: Andy-Python-Programmer <andypythonappdeveloper@gmail.com>
Do not allow JSON targets to set is-builtin: true
Note that this will affect (and make builds fail for) all of the projects out there that have target files invalid in this way. Crater, however, does not really cover these kinds of the codebases, so it is quite difficult to measure the impact. That said, the target files invalid in this way can start causing build failures each time LLVM is upgraded, anyway, so it is probably a good opportunity to disallow this property, entirely.
Another approach considered was to simply not parse this field anymore, which would avoid making the builds explicitly fail, but it wasn't clear to me if `is-builtin` was always set unintentionally… In case this was the case, I'd expect people to file a feature request stating specifically for what purpose they were using `is-builtin`.
Fixes#86017
Add an `abi` field to `TargetOptions`, defaulting to "". Support using
`cfg(target_abi = "...")` for conditional compilation on that field.
Gated by `feature(cfg_target_abi)`.
Add a test for `target_abi`, and a test for the feature gate.
Add `target_abi` to tidy as a platform-specific cfg.
This does not add an abi to any existing target.
It makes very little sense to maintain denylists of ABIs when, as far as
non-generic ABIs are concerned, targets usually only support a small
subset of the available ABIs.
This has historically been a cause of bugs such as us allowing use of
the platform-specific ABIs on x86 targets – these in turn would cause
LLVM errors or assertions to fire.
Fixes#57182
Sponsored by: standard.ai
This PR adds ability for the target specifications to specify frame
pointer emission type that's not just “always” or “whatever cg decides”.
In particular there's a new mode that allows omission of the frame
pointer for leaf functions (those that don't call any other functions).
We then set this new mode for Aarch64-based Apple targets.
Fixes#86196
Emit warnings for unused fields in custom targets.
Add a warning which lists any fields in a custom target `json` file that aren't used. Currently unrecognized fields are ignored so, for example, a typo in the `json` will silently produce a target which isn't the one intended.
BPF target support
This adds `bpfel-unknown-none` and `bpfeb-unknown-none`, two new no_std targets that generate little and big endian BPF. The approach taken is very similar to the cuda target, where `TargetOptions::obj_is_bitcode` is enabled and code generation is done by the linker.
I added the targets to `dist-various-2`. There are [some tests](https://github.com/alessandrod/bpf-linker/tree/main/tests/assembly) in bpf-linker and I'm planning to add more. Those are currently not ran as part of rust CI.
Add default search path to `Target::search()`
The function `Target::search()` accepts a target triple and returns a `Target` struct defining the requested target.
There is a `// FIXME 16351: add a sane default search path?` comment that indicates it is desirable to include some sort of default. This was raised in https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/16351 which was closed without any resolution.
https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/31117 was proposed, however that has platform-specific logic that is unsuitable for systems without `/etc/`.
This patch implements the suggestion raised in https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/16351#issuecomment-180878193 where a `target.json` file may be placed in `$(rustc --print sysroot)/lib/rustlib/<target-triple>/target.json`. This allows shipping a toolchain distribution as a single file that gets extracted to the sysroot.
This enables us to set more generic labels shared between targets. For
example `target_family="wasm"` across all targets that are conceptually
"wasm".
See https://github.com/rust-lang/reference/pull/1006
This commit implements the idea of a new ABI for the WebAssembly target,
one called `"wasm"`. This ABI is entirely of my own invention
and has no current precedent, but I think that the addition of this ABI
might help solve a number of issues with the WebAssembly targets.
When `wasm32-unknown-unknown` was first added to Rust I naively
"implemented an abi" for the target. I then went to write `wasm-bindgen`
which accidentally relied on details of this ABI. Turns out the ABI
definition didn't match C, which is causing issues for C/Rust interop.
Currently the compiler has a "wasm32 bindgen compat" ABI which is the
original implementation I added, and it's purely there for, well,
`wasm-bindgen`.
Another issue with the WebAssembly target is that it's not clear to me
when and if the default C ABI will change to account for WebAssembly's
multi-value feature (a feature that allows functions to return multiple
values). Even if this does happen, though, it seems like the C ABI will
be guided based on the performance of WebAssembly code and will likely
not match even what the current wasm-bindgen-compat ABI is today. This
leaves a hole in Rust's expressivity in binding WebAssembly where given
a particular import type, Rust may not be able to import that signature
with an updated C ABI for multi-value.
To fix these issues I had the idea of a new ABI for WebAssembly, one
called `wasm`. The definition of this ABI is "what you write
maps straight to wasm". The goal here is that whatever you write down in
the parameter list or in the return values goes straight into the
function's signature in the WebAssembly file. This special ABI is for
intentionally matching the ABI of an imported function from the
environment or exporting a function with the right signature.
With the addition of a new ABI, this enables rustc to:
* Eventually remove the "wasm-bindgen compat hack". Once this
ABI is stable wasm-bindgen can switch to using it everywhere.
Afterwards the wasm32-unknown-unknown target can have its default ABI
updated to match C.
* Expose the ability to precisely match an ABI signature for a
WebAssembly function, regardless of what the C ABI that clang chooses
turns out to be.
* Continue to evolve the definition of the default C ABI to match what
clang does on all targets, since the purpose of that ABI will be
explicitly matching C rather than generating particular function
imports/exports.
Naturally this is implemented as an unstable feature initially, but it
would be nice for this to get stabilized (if it works) in the near-ish
future to remove the wasm32-unknown-unknown incompatibility with the C
ABI. Doing this, however, requires the feature to be on stable because
wasm-bindgen works with stable Rust.
