enable -Zrandomize-layout in debug CI builds
This builds rustc/libs/tools with `-Zrandomize-layout` on *-debug CI runners.
Only a handful of tests and asserts break with that enabled, which is promising. One test was fixable, the rest is dealt with by disabling them through new cargo features or compiletest directives.
The config.toml flag `rust.randomize-layout` defaults to false, so it has to be explicitly enabled for now.
rustc_driver_impl: remove some old dead logic
This got added in 5013952e4a, before `cfg(target_feature)` was stable. It should not be needed any more ever since `cfg(target_feature)` is stable.
Move `SanityCheck` and `MirPass`
They are currently in `rustc_middle`. This PR moves them to `rustc_mir_transform`, which makes more sense.
r? ``@cjgillot``
do not attempt to prove unknowable goals
In case a goal is unknowable, we previously still checked all other possible ways to prove this goal, even though its final result is already guaranteed to be ambiguous. By ignoring all other candidates in that case we can avoid a lot of unnecessary work, fixing the performance regression in typenum found in #121848.
This is already the behavior in the old solver. This could in theory cause future-compatability issues as considering fewer goals unknowable may end up causing performance regressions/hangs. I am quite confident that this will not be an issue.
r? ``@compiler-errors``
update comment regarding TargetOptions.features
The claim that `-Ctarget-features` cannot disable these features set in the target spec is definitely wrong -- I tried it for `x86_64-pc-windows-gnu`, which enables SSE3 that way. Building with `-Ctarget-feature=-sse3` works fine, and `cfg!(target_feature = "sse3")` is `false` in that build.
There are also some indications that these are actually intended to be overwritten:
3b14526cea/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/targets/i686_unknown_uefi.rs (L22-L23)84ac80f192/compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/targets/x86_64h_apple_darwin.rs (L18-L23)
So... let's update the comment to match reality, I guess?
The claim that they overwrite `-Ctarget-cpu` is based on
- for `native`, the comment in the apple target spec quoted above
- for other CPU strings, the assumption that `LLVMRustCreateTargetMachine` will apply these features after doing whatever the base CPU model does. I am not sure how to check that, I hope some LLVM backend people can chime in. :)
Non-exhaustive structs may be empty
This is a follow-up to a discrepancy noticed in https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/122792: today, the following struct is considered inhabited (non-empty) outside its defining crate:
```rust
#[non_exhaustive]
pub struct UninhabitedStruct {
pub never: !,
// other fields
}
```
`#[non_exhaustive]` on a struct should mean that adding fields to it isn't a breaking change. There is no way that adding fields to this struct could make it non-empty since the `never` field must stay and is inconstructible. I suspect this was implemented this way due to confusion with `#[non_exhaustive]` enums, which indeed should be considered non-empty outside their defining crate.
I propose that we consider such a struct uninhabited (empty), just like it would be without the `#[non_exhaustive]` annotation.
Code that doesn't pass today and will pass after this:
```rust
// In a different crate
fn empty_match_on_empty_struct<T>(x: UninhabitedStruct) -> T {
match x {}
}
```
This is not a breaking change.
r? ``@compiler-errors``
Don't Suggest Labeling `const` and `unsafe` Blocks
Fixes#128604
Previously, both anonymous constant blocks (E.g. The labeled block
inside `['_'; 'block: { break 'block 1 + 2; }]`) and inline const
blocks (E.g. `const { ... }`) were considered to be the same
kind of blocks. This caused the compiler to incorrectly suggest
labeling both the blocks when only anonymous constant blocks can be
labeled.
This PR adds an other enum variant to `Context` so that both the
blocks can be handled appropriately.
Also, adds some doc comments and removes unnecessary `&mut` in a
couple of places.
Suggest `impl Trait` for References to Bare Trait in Function Header
Fixes#125139
This PR suggests `impl Trait` when `&Trait` is found as a function parameter type or return type. This makes use of existing diagnostics by adding `peel_refs()` when checking for type equality.
Additionaly, it makes a few other improvements:
1. Checks if functions inside impl blocks have bare trait in their headers.
2. Introduces a trait `NextLifetimeParamName` similar to the existing `NextTypeParamName` for suggesting a lifetime name. Also, abstracts out the common logic between the two trait impls.
### Related Issues
I ran into a bunch of related diagnostic issues but couldn't fix them within the scope of this PR. So, I have created the following issues:
1. [Misleading Suggestion when Returning a Reference to a Bare Trait from a Function](https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/127689)
2. [Verbose Error When a Function Takes a Bare Trait as Parameter](https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/127690)
3. [Incorrect Suggestion when Returning a Bare Trait from a Function](https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/127691)
r? ```@estebank``` since you implemented #119148
Because that's now the only crate that uses it.
Moving stuff out of `rustc_middle` is always welcome.
I chose to use `impl crate::MirPass`/`impl crate::MirLint` (with
explicit `crate::`) everywhere because that's the only mention of
`MirPass`/`MirLint` used in all of these files. (Prior to this change,
`MirPass` was mostly imported via `use rustc_middle::mir::*` items.)
The actual implementation remains in `rustc_mir_dataflow`, but this
commit moves the `MirPass` impl to `rustc_mir_transform` and changes it
to a `MirLint` (fixing a `FIXME` comment).
(I originally tried moving the full implementation from
`rustc_mir_dataflow` but I had some trait problems with `HasMoveData`
and `RustcPeekAt` and `MaybeLiveLocals`. This commit was much smaller
and simpler, but still will allow some follow-up cleanups.)
Make decoding non-optional `LazyArray` panic if not set
Tables may be [defined](9649706ead/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/rmeta/mod.rs (L377)) as `optional:` or `defaulted:`. If optional, if we try to read a value from a key that was never encoded, we should panic. This has high value in ensuring correctness over a defaulted table, so the tradeoff is worth considering, since it signals the compiler has a buggy encode impl, rather than just defaulting to a value.
HOWEVER, `optional:` arrays were side-stepping this. So this PR fixes that, and makes `optional:` tables of `LazyArray` act like `LazyValue`, and panic if it's not assigned a value during encoding.
During this PR, I found that `deduced_param_attrs` has buggy (?? i think??) implementation where it will refuse to encode cross-crate `deduced_param_attrs` unless we're codegening, we're optimizing the library, and incremental is disabled. This seems incredibly wrong, but I don't want to fix it in this PR.
9649706ead/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/rmeta/encoder.rs (L1733-L1747)
This shrinks `compiler/rustc_codegen_gcc/Cargo.lock` quite a bit. The
only remaining dependencies in `compiler/rustc_codegen_gcc/Cargo.lock`
are `gccjit`, `lang_tester`, and `boml`, all of which aren't used in any
other compiler crates.
The commit also reorders and adds comments to the `extern crate` items
so they match those in miri.
Replace walk with visit so we dont skip outermost expr kind in def collector
This affects async closures with macros as their body expr. Fixes#129855.
r? ``@cjgillot`` or anyone else
Fix LLVM ABI NAME for riscv64imac-unknown-nuttx-elf
This patch fix https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/129825
For the riscv64imac target, the LLVM ABI NAME should be "lp64", which is the default ABI if not specified for the riscv64imac target.
Deny imports of `rustc_type_ir::inherent` outside of type ir + new trait solver
We shouldn't encourage using `rustc_type_ir::inherent` outside of the new solver[^1], though this can happen by accident due to rust-analyzer, for example. See https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/127537#discussion_r1733813842 for an example in practice.
r? fmease
[^1]: Unless we go the fully radical approach of always using these inherent methods everywhere in favor of inherent methods, which would be a major overhaul of the compiler, IMO. I don't really want to consider that possibility right now, tho.
Rewrite lint_expectations in a single pass.
This PR aims at reducing the perf regression from https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/120924#issuecomment-2202486203 with drive-by simplifications.
Basically, instead of using the lint level builder, which is slow, this PR splits `lint_expectations` logic in 2:
- listing the `LintExpectations` is done in `shallow_lint_levels_on`, on a per-owner basis;
- building the unstable->stable expectation id map is done by iterating on attributes.
r? ghost for perf
add `aarch64_unknown_nto_qnx700` target - QNX 7.0 support for aarch64le
This backports the QNX 7.1 aarch64 implementation to 7.0.
* [x] required `-lregex` disabled, see https://github.com/rust-lang/libc/pull/3775 (released in libc 0.2.156)
* [x] uses `libgcc.a` instead of `libgcc_s.so` (7.0 used ancient GCC 5.4 which didn't have gcc_s)
* [x] a fix in `backtrace` crate to support stack traces https://github.com/rust-lang/backtrace-rs/pull/648
This PR bumps libc dependency to 0.2.158
CC: to the folks who did the [initial implementation](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rustc/platform-support/nto-qnx.html): `@flba-eb,` `@gh-tr,` `@jonathanpallant,` `@japaric`
# Compile target
```bash
# Configure qcc build environment
source _path_/_to_/qnx7.0/qnxsdp-env.sh
# Tell rust to use qcc when building QNX 7.0 targets
export build_env='
CC_aarch64-unknown-nto-qnx700=qcc
CFLAGS_aarch64-unknown-nto-qnx700=-Vgcc_ntoaarch64le_cxx
CXX_aarch64-unknown-nto-qnx700=qcc
AR_aarch64_unknown_nto_qnx700=ntoaarch64-ar'
# Build rust compiler, libs, and the remote test server
env $build_env ./x.py build \
--target x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu,aarch64-unknown-nto-qnx700 \
rustc library/core library/alloc library/std src/tools/remote-test-server
rustup toolchain link stage1 build/host/stage1
```
# Compile "hello world"
```bash
source _path_/_to_/qnx7.0/qnxsdp-env.sh
cargo new hello_world
cd hello_world
cargo +stage1 build --release --target aarch64-unknown-nto-qnx700
```
# Configure a remote for testing
Do this from a new shell - we will need to run more commands in the previous one. I ran into these two issues, and found some workarounds.
* Temporary dir might not work properly
* Default `remote-test-server` has issues binding to an address
```
# ./remote-test-server
starting test server
thread 'main' panicked at src/tools/remote-test-server/src/main.rs:175:29:
called `Result::unwrap()` on an `Err` value: Os { code: 249, kind: AddrNotAvailable, message: "Can't assign requested address" }
note: run with `RUST_BACKTRACE=1` environment variable to display a backtrace
```
Specifying `--bind` param actually fixes that, and so does setting `TMPDIR` properly.
```bash
# Copy remote-test-server to remote device. You may need to use sftp instead.
# ATTENTION: Note that the path is different from the one in the remote testing documentation for some reason
scp ./build/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/stage1-tools-bin/remote-test-server qnxdevice:/path/
# Run ssh with port forwarding - so that rust tester can connect to the local port instead
ssh -L 12345:127.0.0.1:12345 qnxdevice
# on the device, run
rm -rf tmp && mkdir -p tmp && TMPDIR=$PWD/tmp ./remote-test-server --bind 0.0.0.0:12345
```
# Run test suit
Assume all previous environment variables are still set, or re-init them
```bash
export TEST_DEVICE_ADDR="localhost:12345"
# tidy needs to be skipped due to using un-published libc dependency
export exclude_tests='
--exclude src/bootstrap
--exclude src/tools/error_index_generator
--exclude src/tools/linkchecker
--exclude src/tools/tidy
--exclude tests/ui-fulldeps
--exclude rustc
--exclude rustdoc
--exclude tests/run-make-fulldeps'
env $build_env ./x.py test $exclude_tests --stage 1 --target aarch64-unknown-nto-qnx700
```
try-job: dist-x86_64-msvc
This patch fix https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/129825
For the riscv64imac target, the LLVM ABI NAME should be "lp64",
which is the default ABI if not specified for the riscv64imac target.
Update stacker to 0.1.17
The main new feature is support for detecting the current stack size on illumos. (See [my blog post] for the context which led to this.)
[my blog post]: https://sunshowers.io/posts/rustc-segfault-illumos/
try-job: x86_64-mingw
Rollup of 11 pull requests
Successful merges:
- #128523 (Add release notes for 1.81.0)
- #129605 (Add missing `needs-llvm-components` directives for run-make tests that need target-specific codegen)
- #129650 (Clean up `library/profiler_builtins/build.rs`)
- #129651 (skip stage 0 target check if `BOOTSTRAP_SKIP_TARGET_SANITY` is set)
- #129684 (Enable Miri to pass pointers through FFI)
- #129762 (Update the `wasm-component-ld` binary dependency)
- #129782 (couple more crash tests)
- #129816 (tidy: say which feature gate has a stability issue mismatch)
- #129818 (make the const-unstable-in-stable error more clear)
- #129824 (Fix code examples buttons not appearing on click on mobile)
- #129826 (library: Fix typo in `core::mem`)
r? `@ghost`
`@rustbot` modify labels: rollup
make the const-unstable-in-stable error more clear
The default should be to add `rustc_const_unstable`, not `rustc_allow_const_fn_unstable`.
Also I discovered our check for missing const stability attributes on stable functions -- but strangely that check only kicks in for "reachable" functions. `check_missing_stability` checks for reachability since all reachable functions must have a stability attribute, but I would say if a function has `#[stable]` it should also have const-stability attributes regardless of reachability.
Update the `wasm-component-ld` binary dependency
This keeps it up-to-date by moving from 0.5.6 to 0.5.7. While here I've additionally updated some other wasm-related dependencies in the workspace to keep them up-to-date and try to avoid duplicate versions as well.
Enable Miri to pass pointers through FFI
Following https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/126787, the purpose of this PR is to now enable Miri to execute native calls that make use of pointers.
> <details>
>
> <summary> Simple example </summary>
>
> ```rust
> extern "C" {
> fn ptr_printer(ptr: *mut i32);
> }
>
> fn main() {
> let ptr = &mut 42 as *mut i32;
> unsafe {
> ptr_printer(ptr);
> }
> }
> ```
> ```c
> void ptr_printer(int *ptr) {
> printf("printing pointer dereference from C: %d\n", *ptr);
> }
> ```
> should now show `printing pointer dereference from C: 42`.
>
> </details>
Note that this PR does not yet implement any logic involved in updating Miri's "analysis" state (byte initialization, provenance) upon such a native call.
r? ``@RalfJung``
Remove `#[macro_use] extern crate tracing`, round 4
Because explicit importing of macros via use items is nicer (more standard and readable) than implicit importing via #[macro_use]. Continuing the work from #124511, #124914, and #125434. After this PR no `rustc_*` crates use `#[macro_use] extern crate tracing` except for `rustc_codegen_gcc` which is a special case and I will do separately.
r? ```@jieyouxu```
llvm-wrapper: adapt for LLVM API changes
No functional changes intended.
Updates the wrapper for 21eddfac3d.
````@rustbot```` label: +llvm-main
r? ````@nikic````
Expand NLL MIR dumps
This PR is a first step to clean up and expand NLL MIR dumps:
- by restoring the "mir-include-spans" comments which are useful for `-Zdump-mir=nll`
- by adding the list of borrows to NLL MIR dumps, where they are introduced in the CFG and in which region
Comments in MIR dumps were turned off in #112346, but as shown in #114652 they were still useful for us working with NLL MIR dumps. So this PR pulls `-Z mir-include-spans` into its own options struct, so that passes dumping MIR can override them if need be. The rest of the compiler is not affected, only the "nll" pass dumps have these comments enabled again. The CLI still has priority when specifying the flag, so that we can explicitly turn them off in the `mir-opt` tests to keep blessed dumps easier to work with (which was one of the points of #112346).
Then, as part of a couple steps to improve NLL/polonius MIR dumps and `.dot` visualizations, I've also added the list of borrows and where they're introduced. I'm doing all this to help debug some polonius scope issues in my prototype location-sensitive analysis :3. I'll probably add member constraints soon.
const fn stability checking: also check declared language features
Fixes https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/129656
`@oli-obk` I assume it is just an oversight that this didn't use `features().declared()`? Or is there a deep reason that this must only check `declared_lib_features`?
interpret/visitor: make memory order iteration slightly more efficient
Finally I know enough about RPIT to write this iterator signature correctly. :D
This means memory-order iteration now needs an allocation, but it avoids quadratic complexity (where it has to do a linear scan n times to find the n-th field in memory order), so that seems like a win overall. The changed code only affects Miri; the rustc changes are NOPs.
Stop using `ty::GenericPredicates` for non-predicates_of queries
`GenericPredicates` is a struct of several parts: A list of of an item's own predicates, and a parent def id (and some effects related stuff, but ignore that since it's kinda irrelevant). When instantiating these generic predicates, it calls `predicates_of` on the parent and instantiates its predicates, and appends the item's own instantiated predicates too:
acb4e8b625/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/generics.rs (L407-L413)
Notice how this should result in a recursive set of calls to `predicates_of`... However, `GenericPredicates` is *also* misused by a bunch of *other* queries as a convenient way of passing around a list of predicates. For these queries, we don't ever set the parent def id of the `GenericPredicates`, but if we did, then this would be very easy to mistakenly call `predicates_of` instead of some other intended parent query.
Given that footgun, and the fact that we don't ever even *use* the parent def id in the `GenericPredicates` returned from queries like `explicit_super_predicates_of`, It really has no benefit over just returning `&'tcx [(Clause<'tcx>, Span)]`.
This PR additionally opts to wrap the results of `EarlyBinder`, as we've tended to use that in the return type of these kinds of queries to properly convey that the user has params to deal with, and it also gives a convenient way of iterating over a slice of things after instantiating.
Remove `Option<!>` return types.
Several compiler functions have `Option<!>` for their return type. That's odd. The only valid return value is `None`, so why is this type used?
Because it lets you write certain patterns slightly more concisely. E.g. if you have these common patterns:
```
let Some(a) = f() else { return };
let Ok(b) = g() else { return };
```
you can shorten them to these:
```
let a = f()?;
let b = g().ok()?;
```
Huh.
An `Option` return type typically designates success/failure. How should I interpret the type signature of a function that always returns (i.e. doesn't panic), does useful work (modifying `&mut` arguments), and yet only ever fails? This idiom subverts the type system for a cute syntactic trick.
Furthermore, returning `Option<!>` from a function F makes things syntactically more convenient within F, but makes things worse at F's callsites. The callsites can themselves use `?` with F but should not, because they will get an unconditional early return, which is almost certainly not desirable. Instead the return value should be ignored. (Note that some of callsites of `process_operand`, `process_immedate`, `process_assign` actually do use `?`, though the early return doesn't matter in these cases because nothing of significance comes after those calls. Ugh.)
When I first saw this pattern I had no idea how to interpret it, and it took me several minutes of close reading to understand everything I've written above. I even started a Zulip thread about it to make sure I understood it properly. "Save a few characters by introducing types so weird that compiler devs have to discuss it on Zulip" feels like a bad trade-off to me. This commit replaces all the `Option<!>` return values and uses `else`/`return` (or something similar) to replace the relevant `?` uses. The result is slightly more verbose but much easier to understand.
r? ``````@cjgillot``````
Simplify some extern providers
Simplifies some extern crate providers:
1. Generalize the `ProcessQueryValue` identity impl to work on non-`Option` types.
2. Allow `ProcessQueryValue` to wrap its output in an `EarlyBinder`, to simplify `explicit_item_bounds`/`explicit_item_super_predicates`.
3. Use `{ table }` and friends more when possible.
Deny `wasm_c_abi` lint to nudge the last 25%
This shouldn't affect projects indirectly depending on wasm-bindgen because cargo passes `--cap-lints=allow` when building dependencies.
The motivation is that the ecosystem has mostly taken up the versions of wasm-bindgen that are compatible in general, but ~25% or so of recent downloads remain on lower versions. However, this change might still be unnecessarily disruptive. I mostly propose it as a discussion point.
linker: Synchronize native library search in rustc and linker
Also search for static libraries with alternative naming (`libname.a`) on MSVC when producing executables or dynamic libraries, and not just rlibs.
This unblocks https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/123436.
try-job: x86_64-msvc
Don't make statement nonterminals match pattern nonterminals
Right now, the heuristic we use to check if a token may begin a pattern nonterminal falls back to `may_be_ident`:
ef71f1047e/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/nonterminal.rs (L21-L37)
This has the unfortunate side effect that a `stmt` nonterminal eagerly matches against a `pat` nonterminal, leading to a parse error:
```rust
macro_rules! m {
($pat:pat) => {};
($stmt:stmt) => {};
}
macro_rules! m2 {
($stmt:stmt) => {
m! { $stmt }
};
}
m2! { let x = 1 }
```
This PR fixes it by more accurately reflecting the set of nonterminals that may begin a pattern nonterminal.
As a side-effect, I modified `Token::can_begin_pattern` to work correctly and used that in `Parser::nonterminal_may_begin_with`.
We want to allow setting this on the CLI, override it only in MIR
passes, and disable it altogether in mir-opt tests.
The default value is "only for NLL MIR dumps", which is considered off
for all intents and purposes, except for `rustc_borrowck` when an NLL
MIR dump is requested.
Several compiler functions have `Option<!>` for their return type.
That's odd. The only valid return value is `None`, so why is this type
used?
Because it lets you write certain patterns slightly more concisely. E.g.
if you have these common patterns:
```
let Some(a) = f() else { return };
let Ok(b) = g() else { return };
```
you can shorten them to these:
```
let a = f()?;
let b = g().ok()?;
```
Huh.
An `Option` return type typically designates success/failure. How should
I interpret the type signature of a function that always returns (i.e.
doesn't panic), does useful work (modifying `&mut` arguments), and yet
only ever fails? This idiom subverts the type system for a cute
syntactic trick.
Furthermore, returning `Option<!>` from a function F makes things
syntactically more convenient within F, but makes things worse at F's
callsites. The callsites can themselves use `?` with F but should not,
because they will get an unconditional early return, which is almost
certainly not desirable. Instead the return value should be ignored.
(Note that some of callsites of `process_operand`, `process_immedate`,
`process_assign` actually do use `?`, though the early return doesn't
matter in these cases because nothing of significance comes after those
calls. Ugh.)
When I first saw this pattern I had no idea how to interpret it, and it
took me several minutes of close reading to understand everything I've
written above. I even started a Zulip thread about it to make sure I
understood it properly. "Save a few characters by introducing types so
weird that compiler devs have to discuss it on Zulip" feels like a bad
trade-off to me. This commit replaces all the `Option<!>` return values
and uses `else`/`return` (or something similar) to replace the relevant
`?` uses. The result is slightly more verbose but much easier to
understand.
This keeps it up-to-date by moving from 0.5.6 to 0.5.7. While here I've
additionally updated some other wasm-related dependencies in the
workspace to keep them up-to-date and try to avoid duplicate versions as
well.
Use a reduced recursion limit in the MIR inliner's cycle breaker
This probably papers over https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/128887, but primarily I'm opening this PR because multiple compiler people have thought about making this change which probably means it's a good idea.
r? compiler-errors
debug-fmt-detail option
I'd like to propose a new option that makes `#[derive(Debug)]` generate no-op implementations that don't print anything, and makes `{:?}` in format strings a no-op.
There are a couple of motivations for this:
1. A more thorough stripping of debug symbols. Binaries stripped of debug symbols still retain some of them through `Debug` implementations. It's hard to avoid that without compiler's help, because debug formatting can be used in many places, including dependencies, and their loggers, asserts, panics, etc.
* In my testing it gives about 2% binary size reduction on top of all other binary-minimizing best practices (including `panic_immediate_abort`). There are targets like Web WASM or embedded where users pay attention to binary sizes.
* Users distributing closed-source binaries may not want to "leak" any symbol names as a matter of principle.
2. Adds ability to test whether code depends on specifics of the `Debug` format implementation in unwise ways (e.g. trying to get data unavailable via public interface, or using it as a serialization format). Because current Rust's debug implementation doesn't change, there's a risk of it becoming a fragile de-facto API that [won't be possible to change in the future](https://www.hyrumslaw.com/). An option that "breaks" it can act as a [grease](https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8701.html).
This implementation is a `-Z fmt-debug=opt` flag that takes:
* `full` — the default, current state.
* `none` — makes derived `Debug` and `{:?}` no-ops. Explicit `impl Debug for T` implementations are left unharmed, but `{:?}` format won't use them, so they may get dead-code eliminated if they aren't invoked directly.
* `shallow` — makes derived `Debug` print only the type's name, without recursing into fields. Fieldless enums print their variant names. `{:?}` works.
The `shallow` option is a compromise between minimizing the `Debug` code, and compatibility. There are popular proc-macro crates that use `Debug::fmt` as a way to convert enum values into their Rust source code.
There's a corresponding `cfg` flag: `#[cfg(fmt_debug = "none")]` that can be used in user code to react to this setting to minimize custom `Debug` implementations or remove unnecessary formatting helper functions.
