Remove old versions of `cfg-if` by bumping `packed_simd_2` and `getrandom v0.2` versions
```console
> cargo update --package packed_simd_2 --package getrandom@0.2.0
Updating crates.io index
Removing cfg-if v0.1.10
Updating getrandom v0.2.0 -> v0.2.8
Updating packed_simd_2 v0.3.4 -> v0.3.8
```
`packed_simd_2` is only used as a dependency `bytecount`. The bigger jump is `getrandom@0.2.0`, but it's still semver compatible and there doesn't seem to be any worrying changes (see the [changelog](https://github.com/rust-random/getrandom/blob/master/CHANGELOG.md)). Note that this doesn't affect `getrandom@0.1.16`, which is already using the latest version of `cfg-if` (besides, there are already plans to remove that entirely).
Migrate rustc_mir_build diagnostics
Rebases https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/100854
~~The remaining issue is how to better resolve 72bea68af4~~
~~The diagnostic macros seems to generate a broken diagnostic, and I couldn't figure out how to manually format the fluent message, so I hardcoded the format string for now. I'd like pointers to a better fix for this.~~
Also, I'm not 100% sure I didn't mess up a rebase somewhere 🙂
r? `@davidtwco`
Rollup of 10 pull requests
Successful merges:
- #98391 (Reimplement std's thread parker on top of events on SGX)
- #104019 (Compute generator sizes with `-Zprint_type_sizes`)
- #104512 (Set `download-ci-llvm = "if-available"` by default when `channel = dev`)
- #104901 (Implement masking in FileType comparison on Unix)
- #105082 (Fix Async Generator ABI)
- #105109 (Add LLVM KCFI support to the Rust compiler)
- #105505 (Don't warn about unused parens when they are used by yeet expr)
- #105514 (Introduce `Span::is_visible`)
- #105516 (Update cargo)
- #105522 (Remove wrong note for short circuiting operators)
Failed merges:
r? `@ghost`
`@rustbot` modify labels: rollup
Add LLVM KCFI support to the Rust compiler
This PR adds LLVM Kernel Control Flow Integrity (KCFI) support to the Rust compiler. It initially provides forward-edge control flow protection for operating systems kernels for Rust-compiled code only by aggregating function pointers in groups identified by their return and parameter types. (See llvm/llvm-project@cff5bef.)
Forward-edge control flow protection for C or C++ and Rust -compiled code "mixed binaries" (i.e., for when C or C++ and Rust -compiled code share the same virtual address space) will be provided in later work as part of this project by identifying C char and integer type uses at the time types are encoded (see Type metadata in the design document in the tracking issue #89653).
LLVM KCFI can be enabled with -Zsanitizer=kcfi.
Thank you again, `@bjorn3,` `@eddyb,` `@nagisa,` and `@ojeda,` for all the help!
Shrink `rustc_parse_format::Piece`
This makes both variants closer together in size (previously they were different by 208 bytes -- 16 vs 224). This may make things worse, but it's worth a try.
r? `@nnethercote`
This commit adds LLVM Kernel Control Flow Integrity (KCFI) support to
the Rust compiler. It initially provides forward-edge control flow
protection for operating systems kernels for Rust-compiled code only by
aggregating function pointers in groups identified by their return and
parameter types. (See llvm/llvm-project@cff5bef.)
Forward-edge control flow protection for C or C++ and Rust -compiled
code "mixed binaries" (i.e., for when C or C++ and Rust -compiled code
share the same virtual address space) will be provided in later work as
part of this project by identifying C char and integer type uses at the
time types are encoded (see Type metadata in the design document in the
tracking issue #89653).
LLVM KCFI can be enabled with -Zsanitizer=kcfi.
Co-authored-by: bjorn3 <17426603+bjorn3@users.noreply.github.com>
Detect long types in E0308 and write them to disk
On type error with long types, print an abridged type and write the full type to disk.
Print the widest possible short type while still fitting in the terminal.
Add prototype to generate `COPYRIGHT` from REUSE metadata
This PR adds a prototype to generate the `COPYRIGHT` file from the metadata gathered with REUSE. There are two new tools:
* `src/tools/collect-license-metadata` invokes REUSE, parses its output and stores a concise JSON representation of the metadata in `src/etc/license-metadata.json`.
* `src/tools/generate-copyright` parses the metadata generated above, (in the future will) gather crate dependencies metadata, and renders the `COPYRIGHT.md` file.
Note that since the contents of those files are currently incorrect, rather than outputting in the paths above, the files will be stored in `build/` and not committed. This will be changed once we're confident about the metadata.
Eventually, `src/etc/license-metadata.json` will be committed into the repository and verified to be up to date by CI (similar to our GitHub Actions configuration), to avoid having people install REUSE on their local machine in most cases.
You can see the (incorrect) generated files in https://gist.github.com/pietroalbini/3f3f22b6f9cc8533abf7494b6a50cf97.
r? `@pnkfelix`
Rollup of 9 pull requests
Successful merges:
- #104199 (Keep track of the start of the argument block of a closure)
- #105050 (Remove useless borrows and derefs)
- #105153 (Create a hacky fail-fast mode that stops tests at the first failure)
- #105164 (Restore `use` suggestion for `dyn` method call requiring `Sized`)
- #105193 (Disable coverage instrumentation for naked functions)
- #105200 (Remove useless filter in unused extern crate check.)
- #105201 (Do not call fn_sig on non-functions.)
- #105208 (Add AmbiguityError for inconsistent resolution for an import)
- #105214 (update Miri)
Failed merges:
r? `@ghost`
`@rustbot` modify labels: rollup
On type error with long types, print an abridged type and write the full
type to disk.
Print the widest possible short type while still fitting in the
terminal.
- Accept `impl Into`
- Implement `From<>` for `ConstKind`
Note: this adds a dependency on `derive_more` (MIT license). It allows
to derive a lot of traits (like `From` here) that would be otherwise
tedious to implement.
Update Clippy
r? `@Manishearth`
Sorry for taking so long. There were so many blockers and so little time. This situation should be mitigated with #104007 in the future.
Use clang for the UEFI targets
This fixes an issue where the C and asm sources built by compiler_builtins were being compiled as ELF objects instead of PE objects. This wasn't noticed before because it doesn't cause compiler_builtins or rustc to fail to build. You only see a failure when a program is built that references one of the symbols in an ELF object.
Compiling with clang fixes this because the cc crate converts the UEFI targets into Windows targets that clang understands, causing it to produce PE objects.
Also update compiler_builtins to 0.1.84 to pull in some necessary fixes for compiling the UEFI targets with clang.
Fixes https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/104326
Update cargo
3 commits in 16b097879b6f117c8ae698aab054c87f26ff325e..eb5d35917b2395194593c9ca70c3778f60c1573b
2022-11-14 23:28:16 +0000 to 2022-11-17 22:08:43 +0000
- Fix several tests that are waiting 60 seconds for publishing to time out (rust-lang/cargo#11388)
- Implement RFC 3139: alternative registry authentication support (rust-lang/cargo#10592)
- Fix cargo install --index when used with registry.default (rust-lang/cargo#11302)
r? `@ghost`
Use `IsTerminal` in place of `atty`
In any crate that can use nightly features, use `IsTerminal` rather than
`atty`:
- Use `IsTerminal` in `rustc_errors`
- Use `IsTerminal` in `rustc_driver`
- Use `IsTerminal` in `rustc_log`
- Use `IsTerminal` in `librustdoc`
Rollup of 8 pull requests
Successful merges:
- #102977 (remove HRTB from `[T]::is_sorted_by{,_key}`)
- #103378 (Fix mod_inv termination for the last iteration)
- #103456 (`unchecked_{shl|shr}` should use `u32` as the RHS)
- #103701 (Simplify some pointer method implementations)
- #104047 (Diagnostics `icu4x` based list formatting.)
- #104338 (Enforce that `dyn*` coercions are actually pointer-sized)
- #104498 (Edit docs for `rustc_errors::Handler::stash_diagnostic`)
- #104556 (rustdoc: use `code-header` class to format enum variants)
Failed merges:
r? `@ghost`
`@rustbot` modify labels: rollup
3 commits in 16b097879b6f117c8ae698aab054c87f26ff325e..eb5d35917b2395194593c9ca70c3778f60c1573b
2022-11-14 23:28:16 +0000 to 2022-11-17 22:08:43 +0000
- Fix several tests that are waiting 60 seconds for publishing to time out (rust-lang/cargo#11388)
- Implement RFC 3139: alternative registry authentication support (rust-lang/cargo#10592)
- Fix cargo install --index when used with registry.default (rust-lang/cargo#11302)
Rollup of 8 pull requests
Successful merges:
- #101162 (Migrate rustc_resolve to use SessionDiagnostic, part # 1)
- #103386 (Don't allow `CoerceUnsized` into `dyn*` (except for trait upcasting))
- #103405 (Detect incorrect chaining of if and if let conditions and recover)
- #103594 (Fix non-associativity of `Instant` math on `aarch64-apple-darwin` targets)
- #104006 (Add variant_name function to `LangItem`)
- #104494 (Migrate GUI test to use functions)
- #104516 (rustdoc: clean up sidebar width CSS)
- #104550 (fix a typo)
Failed merges:
- #104554 (Use `ErrorGuaranteed::unchecked_claim_error_was_emitted` less)
r? `@ghost`
`@rustbot` modify labels: rollup
implement binding_shadows
migrate till self-in-generic-param-default
use braces in fluent message as suggested by @compiler-errors.
to fix lock file issue reported by CI
migrate 'unreachable label' error
run formatter
name the variables correctly in fluent file
SessionDiagnostic -> Diagnostic
test "pattern/pat-tuple-field-count-cross.rs" passed
test "resolve/bad-env-capture2.rs" passed
test "enum/enum-in-scope.rs" and other depended on "resolve_binding_shadows_something_unacceptable" should be passed now.
fix crash errors while running test-suite. there might be more.
then_some(..) suits better here.
all tests passed
convert TraitImpl and InvalidAsm. TraitImpl is buggy yet. will fix after receiving help from Zulip
migrate "Ralative-2018"
migrate "ancestor only"
migrate "expected found"
migrate "Indeterminate"
migrate "module only"
revert to the older implementation for now. since this is failing at the moment.
follow the convension for fluent variable
order the diag attribute as suggested in review comment
fix merge error. migrate trait-impl-duplicate
make the changes compatible with "Flatten diagnostic slug modules #103345"
fix merge
remove commented code
merge issues
fix review comments
fix tests
9 commits in 9286a1beba5b28b115bad67de2ae91fb1c61eb0b..a3dfea71ca0c888a88111086898aa833c291d497
2022-11-04 06:41:49 +0000 to 2022-11-11 03:50:47 +0000
- fix: return non UTF-8 error message (rust-lang/cargo#11321)
- Extract `two_kinds_of_msg_format_err` message to de-duplicate it (rust-lang/cargo#11358)
- Propagate change of artifact bin dep to its parent fingerprint (rust-lang/cargo#11353)
- Fix not a hyperlink warnings (rust-lang/cargo#11357)
- Fix wait-for-publish with sparse registry (rust-lang/cargo#11356)
- Add `rm` alias to configuration docs (rust-lang/cargo#11351)
- Add `registries.crates-io.protocol` docs (rust-lang/cargo#11350)
- test(features2): test to prevent regressing of optional host deps of dep (rust-lang/cargo#11342)
- Bump to 0.68.0, update changelog (rust-lang/cargo#11340)
improve `filesearch::get_or_default_sysroot`
`fn get_or_default_sysroot` is now improved and used in `miri` and `clippy`, and tests are still passing as they should. So we no longer need to implement custom workarounds/hacks to find sysroot in tools like miri/clippy.
Resolves https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/98832
re-opened from #103581
After rust-lang/rust#101946 this completes the move to cfg-if 1.0 by:
* Updating getrandom 0.1.14->0.1.16
* Updating panic_abort, panic_unwind, and unwind to cfg-if 1.0
update Miri
I had to use a hacked version of josh to create this, so let's be careful with merging this and maybe wait a bit to see if the josh issue becomes more clear. But the history looks good to me, we are not adding duplicates of rustc commits that were previously mirrored to Miri.
Also I want to add some cross-testing of Miri in x.py.
Update libstd's libc to 0.2.135 (to make `libstd` no longer pull in `libiconv.dylib` on Darwin)
This is to pull in https://github.com/rust-lang/libc/pull/2944.
It's related to https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/102766, in that they both remove unused dylibs from libstd on Darwin platforms. As a result, I'm marking this as relnotes since everybody agreed it was good to add it to the other as well. (The note should be about no longer linking against libiconv -- the libc update is irrelevant).
Might as well have the same reviewer too.
r? `@Mark-Simulacrum`
5 commits in 3ff044334f0567ce1481c78603aeee7211b91623..071eeaf210708219a5a1b2c4728ca2f97df7f2ae
2022-10-17 20:25:00 +0000 to 2022-10-22 01:17:55 +0000
- fix: Remove leading newline in vendor output (rust-lang/cargo#11273)
- Fix publishing with a dependency on a sparse registry (rust-lang/cargo#11268)
- Add missing edition (rust-lang/cargo#11265)
- fix(publish): Check remote git registry more than once post-publish (rust-lang/cargo#11255)
- Fix typo (rust-lang/cargo#11258)
Update pkg-config
I'd like to be able to cross-compile rustc in a scenario where it'd be really helpful to have cd3ccca7c3. I've done some test builds of the compiler on x86_64 linux, targeting x86_64 linux and aarch64 linux.
12 commits in b8f30cb23c4e5f20854a4f683325782b7cff9837..b332991a57c9d055f1864de1eed93e2178d49440
2022-10-10 19:16:06 +0000 to 2022-10-13 22:05:28 +0000
- Differentiate the warning when an alias (built-in or user-defined) shadows an external subcommand (rust-lang/cargo#11170)
- chore: Update tests for latest clap (rust-lang/cargo#11235)
- feat(publish): Support 'publish.timeout' config behind '-Zpublish-timeout' (rust-lang/cargo#11230)
- Add missing edition (rust-lang/cargo#11231)
- doc(profiles): add module level doc (rust-lang/cargo#11219)
- refactor(publish): Clarify which SourceId is being used (rust-lang/cargo#11216)
- Add new SourceKind::SparseRegistry to differentiate sparse registries (rust-lang/cargo#11209)
- Fix deadlock when build scripts are waiting for input on stdin (rust-lang/cargo#11205)
- refactor: New variant `FeaturesFor::ArtifactDep` (rust-lang/cargo#11184)
- Fix rustdoc warning about unclosed HTML tag (rust-lang/cargo#11221)
- refactor(tests): Prepare for wait-for-publish test changes (rust-lang/cargo#11210)
- Add configuration option for controlling crates.io protocol (rust-lang/cargo#11215)
Miri sync
This is a Miri sync created with my experimental fork of josh. We should probably not merge this yet, but we can use this to check if the sync looks the way it should.
r? `@oli-obk`
resolve error when attempting to link a universal library on macOS
Previously attempting to link universal libraries into libraries (but not binaries) would produce an error that "File too small to be an archive". This works around this by invoking `lipo -thin` to extract a library for the target platform when passed a univeral library.
Fixes#55235
It's worth acknowledging that this implementation is kind of a horrible hack. Unfortunately I don't know how to do anything better, hopefully this PR will be a jumping off point.
Previously attempting to link universal libraries into libraries (but not binaries) would produce an error that "File too small to be an archive". This works around this by using `object` to extract a library for the target platform when passed a univeral library.
Fixes#55235
Migrate more of rustc_parse to SessionDiagnostic
Still far from complete, but I thought I'd add a checkpoint here because rebasing was starting to get annoying.
Remove support for legacy PM
This removes support for optimizing with LLVM's legacy pass manager, as well as the unstable `-Znew-llvm-pass-manager` option. We have been defaulting to the new PM since LLVM 13 (except for s390x that waited for 14), and LLVM 15 removed support altogether. The only place we still use the legacy PM is for writing the output file, just like `llc` does.
cc #74705
r? ``@nikic``
Update stdarch
This pulls in the following changes:
- [Use simd_bitmask intrinsic in a couple of places](9f0928782b)
- [Remove simd_shuffle<n> usage in favor of simd_shuffle](3fd17e4607)
- [Remove late specifiers in __cpuid_count](f1db941633)
- Helps with #101346
- [Use mov and xchg instead of movl(q) and xchgl(q)](3049a31937)
- [Bump cfg-if dependency to 1.0](f305cc83e7)
- [Fix documentation of __m256bh and __m512bh structs](699c093a42)
r? ``@Amanieu``
A lot of the types in this crate implemented HashStable directly to
avoid circular dependencies. One way around that is to use
HashStable_Generic. We adopt that here to avoid a lot of boilerplate.
This doesn't update all the types, because some would require
`I: Interner + HashStable`.
safe transmute: use `Assume` struct to provide analysis options
This task was left as a TODO in #92268; resolving it brings [`BikeshedIntrinsicFrom`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/mem/trait.BikeshedIntrinsicFrom.html) more in line with the API defined in [MCP411](https://github.com/rust-lang/compiler-team/issues/411).
**Before:**
```rust
pub unsafe trait BikeshedIntrinsicFrom<
Src,
Context,
const ASSUME_ALIGNMENT: bool,
const ASSUME_LIFETIMES: bool,
const ASSUME_VALIDITY: bool,
const ASSUME_VISIBILITY: bool,
> where
Src: ?Sized,
{}
```
**After:**
```rust
pub unsafe trait BikeshedIntrinsicFrom<Src, Context, const ASSUME: Assume = { Assume::NOTHING }>
where
Src: ?Sized,
{}
```
`Assume::visibility` has also been renamed to `Assume::safety`, as library safety invariants are what's actually being assumed; visibility is just the mechanism by which it is currently checked (and that may change).
r? `@oli-obk`
---
Related:
- https://github.com/rust-lang/compiler-team/issues/411
- https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/99571
Generate error index with mdbook instead of raw HTML pages
This is a follow-up of https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/100922.
This comes from a remark from ````@estebank```` who said that the search was a nice thing on the previous version and that it wasn't possible anymore. An easy way to come around this limitation was to use `mdbook`, which is what I did here.
Now some explanations on the code. I'll explain how I developed this and why I reached this solution. First I did it very basically by simply setting the source directory and the output directory, generated a `SUMMARY.md` manually which listed all error codes and that was it. Two problems arose from this:
1. A lot of new HTML files were generated at the top level
2. An `index.html` file was generated at the top-level (the summary in short).
So for `1.`, it's not great to have too many files at the top-level as it could create file conflicts more easily. And for `2.`, this is actually a huge issue because <doc.rust-lang.org> generates an `index.html` file with a links to a few different resources, so it should never be overwritten. <s>Unfortunately, `mdbook` **always** generates an `index.html` file so the only solution I could see (except for sending them a contribution, I'll maybe do that later) was to temporaly move a potentially existing `index.html` file and then puts it back once done. For this last part, to ensure that we don't return *before* it has been put back, I wrapped the `mdbook` generation code inside `render_html_inner` which is called from `render_html` which in turn handle the "save" of `index.html`.</s>
EDIT: `mdbook` completely deletes ALL the content in the target directory so I instead generate into a sub directory and then I move the files to the real target directory.
To keep compatibility with the old version, I also put the `<script>` ````@notriddle```` nicely provided in the previous PR only into the `error-index.html` file to prevent unneeded repetition. I didn't use `mdbook` `additional-js` option because the JS is included at the end of all HTML files, which we don't want for two reasons:
1. It's slow.
2. We only want it to be run in `error-index.html` (even if we also ensure in the JS itself too!).
<s>Now the last part: why we generate the summary twice. We actually generate it once to tell `mdbook` what the book will look like and a second time because a create a new chapter content which will actually list all the error codes (with the updated paths).</s>
EDIT: I removed the need for two summaries.
You can test it [here](https://rustdoc.crud.net/imperio/error-index-mdbook/error-index.html).
r? ````@notriddle````
Replace `rustc_data_structures::thin_vec::ThinVec` with `thin_vec::ThinVec`
`rustc_data_structures::thin_vec::ThinVec` looks like this:
```
pub struct ThinVec<T>(Option<Box<Vec<T>>>);
```
It's just a zero word if the vector is empty, but requires two
allocations if it is non-empty. So it's only usable in cases where the
vector is empty most of the time.
This commit removes it in favour of `thin_vec::ThinVec`, which is also
word-sized, but stores the length and capacity in the same allocation as
the elements. It's good in a wider variety of situation, e.g. in enum
variants where the vector is usually/always non-empty.
The commit also:
- Sorts some `Cargo.toml` dependency lists, to make additions easier.
- Sorts some `use` item lists, to make additions easier.
- Changes `clean_trait_ref_with_bindings` to take a
`ThinVec<TypeBinding>` rather than a `&[TypeBinding]`, because this
avoid some unnecessary allocations.
r? `@spastorino`
- ... when creating diagnostics in rustc_metadata
- use the error_code! macro
- pass macro output to diag.code()
- use fluent from within manual implementation of SessionDiagnostic
- emit the untested errors in case they occur in the wild
- stop panicking in the probably-not-dead code, add fixme to write test
Migrate rustc_monomorphize to use SessionDiagnostic
### Description
- Migrates diagnostics in `rustc_monomorphize` to use `SessionDiagnostic`
- Adds an `impl IntoDiagnosticArg for PathBuf`
### TODO / Help!
- [x] I'm having trouble figuring out how to apply an optional note. 😕 Help!?
- Resolved. It was bad docs. Fixed in https://github.com/rust-lang/rustc-dev-guide/pull/1437/files
- [x] `errors:RecursionLimit` should be `#[fatal ...]`, but that doesn't exist so it's `#[error ...]` at the moment.
- Maybe I can switch after this is merged in? --> https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/100694
- Or maybe I need to manually implement `SessionDiagnostic` instead of deriving it?
- [x] How does one go about converting an error inside of [a call to struct_span_lint_hir](8064a49508/compiler/rustc_monomorphize/src/collector.rs (L917-L927))?
- [x] ~What placeholder do you use in the fluent template to refer to the value in a vector? It seems like [this code](0b79f758c9/compiler/rustc_macros/src/diagnostics/diagnostic_builder.rs (L83-L114)) ought to have the answer (or something near it)...but I can't figure it out.~ You can't. Punted.
Rollup of 5 pull requests
Successful merges:
- #99517 (Display raw pointer as *{mut,const} T instead of *-ptr in errors)
- #99928 (Do not leak type variables from opaque type relation)
- #100473 (Attempt to normalize `FnDef` signature in `InferCtxt::cmp`)
- #100653 (Move the cast_float_to_int fallback code to GCC)
- #100941 (Point at the string inside literal and mention if we need string inte…)
Failed merges:
r? `@ghost`
`@rustbot` modify labels: rollup
Move the cast_float_to_int fallback code to GCC
Now that we require at least LLVM 13, that codegen backend is always
using its intrinsic `fptosi.sat` and `fptoui.sat` conversions, so it
doesn't need the manual implementation. However, the GCC backend still
needs it, so we can move all of that code down there.
Use object instead of LLVM for reading bitcode from rlibs
Together with changes I plan to make as part of https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/97485 this will allow entirely removing usage of LLVM's archive reader and thus allow removing `archive_ro.rs` and `ArchiveWrapper.cpp`.
5 commits in 6da726708a4406f31f996d813790818dce837161..4ed54cecce3ce9ab6ff058781f4c8a500ee6b8b5
2022-08-23 21:39:56 +0000 to 2022-08-27 18:41:39 +0000
- doc: pause, for readability (rust-lang/cargo#11027)
- Bump git2 to 0.15 and libgit2-sys to 0.14 (rust-lang/cargo#11004)
- Fix typo (rust-lang/cargo#11025)
- Update cargo-toml-vs-cargo-lock.md (rust-lang/cargo#11021)
- Apply GitHub fast path even for partial hashes (rust-lang/cargo#10807)
`rustc_data_structures::thin_vec::ThinVec` looks like this:
```
pub struct ThinVec<T>(Option<Box<Vec<T>>>);
```
It's just a zero word if the vector is empty, but requires two
allocations if it is non-empty. So it's only usable in cases where the
vector is empty most of the time.
This commit removes it in favour of `thin_vec::ThinVec`, which is also
word-sized, but stores the length and capacity in the same allocation as
the elements. It's good in a wider variety of situation, e.g. in enum
variants where the vector is usually/always non-empty.
The commit also:
- Sorts some `Cargo.toml` dependency lists, to make additions easier.
- Sorts some `use` item lists, to make additions easier.
- Changes `clean_trait_ref_with_bindings` to take a
`ThinVec<TypeBinding>` rather than a `&[TypeBinding]`, because this
avoid some unnecessary allocations.
