Auto merge of #118490 - Nadrieril:arena-alloc-matrix, r=nnethercote

Exhaustiveness: allocate memory better

Exhaustiveness is a recursive algorithm that allocates a bunch of slices at every step. Let's see if I can improve performance by improving allocations.

Already just using `Vec::with_capacity` is showing impressive improvements on my local measurements.

r? `@ghost`

compiler/rustc_arena/src/lib.rs

@@ -197,23 +197,24 @@ impl<T> TypedArena<T> {
         start_ptr
     }
 
+    /// Allocates the elements of this iterator into a contiguous slice in the `TypedArena`.
+    ///
+    /// Note: for reasons of reentrancy and panic safety we collect into a `SmallVec<[_; 8]>` before
+    /// storing the elements in the arena.
     #[inline]
     pub fn alloc_from_iter<I: IntoIterator<Item = T>>(&self, iter: I) -> &mut [T] {
-        // This implementation is entirely separate to
-        // `DroplessIterator::alloc_from_iter`, even though conceptually they
-        // are the same.
+        // Despite the similarlty with `DroplessArena`, we cannot reuse their fast case. The reason
+        // is subtle: these arenas are reentrant. In other words, `iter` may very well be holding a
+        // reference to `self` and adding elements to the arena during iteration.
         //
-        // `DroplessIterator` (in the fast case) writes elements from the
-        // iterator one at a time into the allocated memory. That's easy
-        // because the elements don't implement `Drop`. But for `TypedArena`
-        // they do implement `Drop`, which means that if the iterator panics we
-        // could end up with some allocated-but-uninitialized elements, which
-        // will then cause UB in `TypedArena::drop`.
+        // For this reason, if we pre-allocated any space for the elements of this iterator, we'd
+        // have to track that some uninitialized elements are followed by some initialized elements,
+        // else we might accidentally drop uninitialized memory if something panics or if the
+        // iterator doesn't fill all the length we expected.
         //
-        // Instead we use an approach where any iterator panic will occur
-        // before the memory is allocated. This function is much less hot than
-        // `DroplessArena::alloc_from_iter`, so it doesn't need to be
-        // hyper-optimized.
+        // So we collect all the elements beforehand, which takes care of reentrancy and panic
+        // safety. This function is much less hot than `DroplessArena::alloc_from_iter`, so it
+        // doesn't need to be hyper-optimized.
         assert!(mem::size_of::<T>() != 0);
 
         let mut vec: SmallVec<[_; 8]> = iter.into_iter().collect();
@@ -485,8 +486,9 @@ impl DroplessArena {
 
     /// # Safety
     ///
-    /// The caller must ensure that `mem` is valid for writes up to
-    /// `size_of::<T>() * len`.
+    /// The caller must ensure that `mem` is valid for writes up to `size_of::<T>() * len`, and that
+    /// that memory stays allocated and not shared for the lifetime of `self`. This must hold even
+    /// if `iter.next()` allocates onto `self`.
     #[inline]
     unsafe fn write_from_iter<T, I: Iterator<Item = T>>(
         &self,
@@ -516,6 +518,8 @@ impl DroplessArena {
 
     #[inline]
     pub fn alloc_from_iter<T, I: IntoIterator<Item = T>>(&self, iter: I) -> &mut [T] {
+        // Warning: this function is reentrant: `iter` could hold a reference to `&self` and
+        // allocate additional elements while we're iterating.
         let iter = iter.into_iter();
         assert!(mem::size_of::<T>() != 0);
         assert!(!mem::needs_drop::<T>());
@@ -524,7 +528,7 @@ impl DroplessArena {
 
         match size_hint {
             (min, Some(max)) if min == max => {
-                // We know the exact number of elements the iterator will produce here
+                // We know the exact number of elements the iterator expects to produce here.
                 let len = min;
 
                 if len == 0 {
@@ -532,10 +536,15 @@ impl DroplessArena {
                 }
 
                 let mem = self.alloc_raw(Layout::array::<T>(len).unwrap()) as *mut T;
+                // SAFETY: `write_from_iter` doesn't touch `self`. It only touches the slice we just
+                // reserved. If the iterator panics or doesn't output `len` elements, this will
+                // leave some unallocated slots in the arena, which is fine because we do not call
+                // `drop`.
                 unsafe { self.write_from_iter(iter, len, mem) }
             }
             (_, _) => {
                 outline(move || -> &mut [T] {
+                    // Takes care of reentrancy.
                     let mut vec: SmallVec<[_; 8]> = iter.collect();
                     if vec.is_empty() {
                         return &mut [];

compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/thir/pattern/usefulness.rs

@@ -599,9 +599,9 @@ impl<'p, 'tcx> PatStack<'p, 'tcx> {
     // an or-pattern. Panics if `self` is empty.
     fn expand_or_pat<'a>(&'a self) -> impl Iterator<Item = PatStack<'p, 'tcx>> + Captures<'a> {
         self.head().flatten_or_pat().into_iter().map(move |pat| {
-            let mut new_pats = smallvec![pat];
-            new_pats.extend_from_slice(&self.pats[1..]);
-            PatStack { pats: new_pats }
+            let mut new = self.clone();
+            new.pats[0] = pat;
+            new
         })
     }
 
@@ -732,18 +732,11 @@ impl<'p, 'tcx> Matrix<'p, 'tcx> {
     }
 
     /// Build a new matrix from an iterator of `MatchArm`s.
-    fn new<'a>(
-        cx: &MatchCheckCtxt<'p, 'tcx>,
-        iter: impl Iterator<Item = &'a MatchArm<'p, 'tcx>>,
-        scrut_ty: Ty<'tcx>,
-    ) -> Self
-    where
-        'p: 'a,
-    {
+    fn new(cx: &MatchCheckCtxt<'p, 'tcx>, arms: &[MatchArm<'p, 'tcx>], scrut_ty: Ty<'tcx>) -> Self {
         let wild_pattern = cx.pattern_arena.alloc(DeconstructedPat::wildcard(scrut_ty, DUMMY_SP));
         let wildcard_row = PatStack::from_pattern(wild_pattern);
-        let mut matrix = Matrix { rows: vec![], wildcard_row };
-        for (row_id, arm) in iter.enumerate() {
+        let mut matrix = Matrix { rows: Vec::with_capacity(arms.len()), wildcard_row };
+        for (row_id, arm) in arms.iter().enumerate() {
             let v = MatrixRow {
                 pats: PatStack::from_pattern(arm.pat),
                 parent_row: row_id, // dummy, we won't read it
@@ -806,7 +799,7 @@ impl<'p, 'tcx> Matrix<'p, 'tcx> {
         ctor: &Constructor<'tcx>,
     ) -> Matrix<'p, 'tcx> {
         let wildcard_row = self.wildcard_row.pop_head_constructor(pcx, ctor);
-        let mut matrix = Matrix { rows: vec![], wildcard_row };
+        let mut matrix = Matrix { rows: Vec::new(), wildcard_row };
         for (i, row) in self.rows().enumerate() {
             if ctor.is_covered_by(pcx, row.head().ctor()) {
                 let new_row = row.pop_head_constructor(pcx, ctor, i);
@@ -1386,7 +1379,7 @@ pub(crate) fn compute_match_usefulness<'p, 'tcx>(
     arms: &[MatchArm<'p, 'tcx>],
     scrut_ty: Ty<'tcx>,
 ) -> UsefulnessReport<'p, 'tcx> {
-    let mut matrix = Matrix::new(cx, arms.iter(), scrut_ty);
+    let mut matrix = Matrix::new(cx, arms, scrut_ty);
     let non_exhaustiveness_witnesses =
         compute_exhaustiveness_and_reachability(cx, &mut matrix, true);