From 27836e1e5794dfa8db8565adaf7aed05d8bfff92 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Michael Goulet <michael@errs.io>
Date: Wed, 26 Mar 2025 18:57:13 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 1/4] Rigidly project missing item due to guaranteed impossible
 sized predicate

---
 .../rustc_hir_analysis/src/check/check.rs     |   8 +-
 compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/sty.rs           |  37 +++++++
 .../src/solve/normalizes_to/mod.rs            |  12 +-
 .../src/traits/project.rs                     | 104 ++++++++++--------
 compiler/rustc_type_ir/src/inherent.rs        |  33 ++++++
 .../trivial-unsized-projection.bad.stderr     |  44 ++++++++
 .../trivial-unsized-projection.bad_new.stderr |  61 ++++++++++
 tests/ui/traits/trivial-unsized-projection.rs |  34 ++++++
 8 files changed, 281 insertions(+), 52 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 tests/ui/traits/trivial-unsized-projection.bad.stderr
 create mode 100644 tests/ui/traits/trivial-unsized-projection.bad_new.stderr
 create mode 100644 tests/ui/traits/trivial-unsized-projection.rs

diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/check/check.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/check/check.rs
index 18ef00dc8b1..5b89dcf7dd8 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/check/check.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/check/check.rs
@@ -943,7 +943,7 @@ fn check_impl_items_against_trait<'tcx>(
     let cause = ObligationCause::misc(tcx.def_span(impl_id), impl_id);
     let param_env = tcx.param_env(impl_id);
 
-    let self_is_guaranteed_unsized = match tcx
+    let self_is_guaranteed_unsized = tcx
         .struct_tail_raw(
             trait_ref.self_ty(),
             |ty| {
@@ -957,11 +957,7 @@ fn check_impl_items_against_trait<'tcx>(
             },
             || (),
         )
-        .kind()
-    {
-        ty::Dynamic(_, _, ty::DynKind::Dyn) | ty::Slice(_) | ty::Str => true,
-        _ => false,
-    };
+        .is_guaranteed_unsized_raw();
 
     for &impl_item in impl_item_refs {
         let ty_impl_item = tcx.associated_item(impl_item);
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/sty.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/sty.rs
index 27ee363f1c1..fb15ab8d848 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/sty.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/sty.rs
@@ -2029,6 +2029,43 @@ impl<'tcx> Ty<'tcx> {
     pub fn is_known_rigid(self) -> bool {
         self.kind().is_known_rigid()
     }
+
+    /// Returns true if the type is guaranteed to be one of the three built-in unsized types:
+    /// `dyn Trait`/`[T]`/`str`. This function is *raw* because it does not compute the struct
+    /// tail of the type, so you are responsible for doing that yourself.
+    // NOTE: Keep this in sync with `rustc_type_ir`'s copy.
+    pub fn is_guaranteed_unsized_raw(self) -> bool {
+        match self.kind() {
+            Dynamic(_, _, ty::Dyn) | ty::Slice(_) | ty::Str => true,
+            Bool
+            | Char
+            | Int(_)
+            | Uint(_)
+            | Float(_)
+            | Adt(_, _)
+            | Foreign(_)
+            | Array(_, _)
+            | Pat(_, _)
+            | RawPtr(_, _)
+            | Ref(_, _, _)
+            | FnDef(_, _)
+            | FnPtr(_, _)
+            | UnsafeBinder(_)
+            | Closure(_, _)
+            | CoroutineClosure(_, _)
+            | Coroutine(_, _)
+            | CoroutineWitness(_, _)
+            | Never
+            | Tuple(_)
+            | Alias(_, _)
+            | Param(_)
+            | Bound(_, _)
+            | Placeholder(_)
+            | Infer(_)
+            | Error(_)
+            | Dynamic(_, _, ty::DynStar) => false,
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> rustc_type_ir::inherent::Tys<TyCtxt<'tcx>> for &'tcx ty::List<Ty<'tcx>> {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_next_trait_solver/src/solve/normalizes_to/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_next_trait_solver/src/solve/normalizes_to/mod.rs
index de6d21da0f5..4cfc727d6b7 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_next_trait_solver/src/solve/normalizes_to/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_next_trait_solver/src/solve/normalizes_to/mod.rs
@@ -232,7 +232,17 @@ where
             };
 
             if !cx.has_item_definition(target_item_def_id) {
-                return error_response(ecx, cx.delay_bug("missing item"));
+                // If the impl is missing an item, it's either because the user forgot to
+                // provide it, or the user is not *obligated* to provide it (because it
+                // has a trivially false `Sized` predicate). If it's the latter, we cannot
+                // delay a bug because we can have trivially false where clauses, so we
+                // treat it as rigid.
+                if goal_trait_ref.self_ty().is_guaranteed_unsized_raw() {
+                    ecx.structurally_instantiate_normalizes_to_term(goal, goal.predicate.alias);
+                    return ecx.evaluate_added_goals_and_make_canonical_response(Certainty::Yes);
+                } else {
+                    return error_response(ecx, cx.delay_bug("missing item"));
+                }
             }
 
             let target_container_def_id = cx.parent(target_item_def_id);
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/project.rs b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/project.rs
index 349569d750e..8c5f1809a49 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/project.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/project.rs
@@ -669,30 +669,11 @@ fn project<'cx, 'tcx>(
 
     match candidates {
         ProjectionCandidateSet::Single(candidate) => {
-            Ok(Projected::Progress(confirm_candidate(selcx, obligation, candidate)))
+            confirm_candidate(selcx, obligation, candidate)
         }
         ProjectionCandidateSet::None => {
             let tcx = selcx.tcx();
-            let term = match tcx.def_kind(obligation.predicate.def_id) {
-                DefKind::AssocTy => Ty::new_projection_from_args(
-                    tcx,
-                    obligation.predicate.def_id,
-                    obligation.predicate.args,
-                )
-                .into(),
-                DefKind::AssocConst => ty::Const::new_unevaluated(
-                    tcx,
-                    ty::UnevaluatedConst::new(
-                        obligation.predicate.def_id,
-                        obligation.predicate.args,
-                    ),
-                )
-                .into(),
-                kind => {
-                    bug!("unknown projection def-id: {}", kind.descr(obligation.predicate.def_id))
-                }
-            };
-
+            let term = obligation.predicate.to_term(tcx);
             Ok(Projected::NoProgress(term))
         }
         // Error occurred while trying to processing impls.
@@ -1244,18 +1225,16 @@ fn confirm_candidate<'cx, 'tcx>(
     selcx: &mut SelectionContext<'cx, 'tcx>,
     obligation: &ProjectionTermObligation<'tcx>,
     candidate: ProjectionCandidate<'tcx>,
-) -> Progress<'tcx> {
+) -> Result<Projected<'tcx>, ProjectionError<'tcx>> {
     debug!(?obligation, ?candidate, "confirm_candidate");
-    let mut progress = match candidate {
+    let mut result = match candidate {
         ProjectionCandidate::ParamEnv(poly_projection)
-        | ProjectionCandidate::Object(poly_projection) => {
-            confirm_param_env_candidate(selcx, obligation, poly_projection, false)
-        }
-
-        ProjectionCandidate::TraitDef(poly_projection) => {
-            confirm_param_env_candidate(selcx, obligation, poly_projection, true)
-        }
-
+        | ProjectionCandidate::Object(poly_projection) => Ok(Projected::Progress(
+            confirm_param_env_candidate(selcx, obligation, poly_projection, false),
+        )),
+        ProjectionCandidate::TraitDef(poly_projection) => Ok(Projected::Progress(
+            confirm_param_env_candidate(selcx, obligation, poly_projection, true),
+        )),
         ProjectionCandidate::Select(impl_source) => {
             confirm_select_candidate(selcx, obligation, impl_source)
         }
@@ -1266,23 +1245,26 @@ fn confirm_candidate<'cx, 'tcx>(
     // with new region variables, we need to resolve them to existing variables
     // when possible for this to work. See `auto-trait-projection-recursion.rs`
     // for a case where this matters.
-    if progress.term.has_infer_regions() {
+    if let Ok(Projected::Progress(progress)) = &mut result
+        && progress.term.has_infer_regions()
+    {
         progress.term = progress.term.fold_with(&mut OpportunisticRegionResolver::new(selcx.infcx));
     }
-    progress
+
+    result
 }
 
 fn confirm_select_candidate<'cx, 'tcx>(
     selcx: &mut SelectionContext<'cx, 'tcx>,
     obligation: &ProjectionTermObligation<'tcx>,
     impl_source: Selection<'tcx>,
-) -> Progress<'tcx> {
+) -> Result<Projected<'tcx>, ProjectionError<'tcx>> {
     match impl_source {
         ImplSource::UserDefined(data) => confirm_impl_candidate(selcx, obligation, data),
         ImplSource::Builtin(BuiltinImplSource::Misc | BuiltinImplSource::Trivial, data) => {
             let tcx = selcx.tcx();
             let trait_def_id = obligation.predicate.trait_def_id(tcx);
-            if tcx.is_lang_item(trait_def_id, LangItem::Coroutine) {
+            let progress = if tcx.is_lang_item(trait_def_id, LangItem::Coroutine) {
                 confirm_coroutine_candidate(selcx, obligation, data)
             } else if tcx.is_lang_item(trait_def_id, LangItem::Future) {
                 confirm_future_candidate(selcx, obligation, data)
@@ -1304,7 +1286,8 @@ fn confirm_select_candidate<'cx, 'tcx>(
                 confirm_async_fn_kind_helper_candidate(selcx, obligation, data)
             } else {
                 confirm_builtin_candidate(selcx, obligation, data)
-            }
+            };
+            Ok(Projected::Progress(progress))
         }
         ImplSource::Builtin(BuiltinImplSource::Object { .. }, _)
         | ImplSource::Param(..)
@@ -2000,7 +1983,7 @@ fn confirm_impl_candidate<'cx, 'tcx>(
     selcx: &mut SelectionContext<'cx, 'tcx>,
     obligation: &ProjectionTermObligation<'tcx>,
     impl_impl_source: ImplSourceUserDefinedData<'tcx, PredicateObligation<'tcx>>,
-) -> Progress<'tcx> {
+) -> Result<Projected<'tcx>, ProjectionError<'tcx>> {
     let tcx = selcx.tcx();
 
     let ImplSourceUserDefinedData { impl_def_id, args, mut nested } = impl_impl_source;
@@ -2011,19 +1994,47 @@ fn confirm_impl_candidate<'cx, 'tcx>(
     let param_env = obligation.param_env;
     let assoc_ty = match specialization_graph::assoc_def(tcx, impl_def_id, assoc_item_id) {
         Ok(assoc_ty) => assoc_ty,
-        Err(guar) => return Progress::error(tcx, guar),
+        Err(guar) => return Ok(Projected::Progress(Progress::error(tcx, guar))),
     };
+
+    // This means that the impl is missing a definition for the
+    // associated type. This is either because the associate item
+    // has impossible-to-satisfy predicates (since those were
+    // allowed in <https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/135480>),
+    // or because the impl is literally missing the definition.
     if !assoc_ty.item.defaultness(tcx).has_value() {
-        // This means that the impl is missing a definition for the
-        // associated type. This error will be reported by the type
-        // checker method `check_impl_items_against_trait`, so here we
-        // just return Error.
         debug!(
             "confirm_impl_candidate: no associated type {:?} for {:?}",
             assoc_ty.item.name, obligation.predicate
         );
-        return Progress { term: Ty::new_misc_error(tcx).into(), obligations: nested };
+        let tail = selcx.tcx().struct_tail_raw(
+            tcx.type_of(impl_def_id).instantiate(tcx, args),
+            |ty| {
+                normalize_with_depth_to(
+                    selcx,
+                    obligation.param_env,
+                    obligation.cause.clone(),
+                    obligation.recursion_depth + 1,
+                    ty,
+                    &mut nested,
+                )
+            },
+            || {},
+        );
+        if tail.is_guaranteed_unsized_raw() {
+            // We treat this projection as rigid here, which is represented via
+            // `Projected::NoProgress`. This will ensure that the projection is
+            // checked for well-formedness, and it's either satisfied by a trivial
+            // where clause in its env or it results in an error.
+            return Ok(Projected::NoProgress(obligation.predicate.to_term(tcx)));
+        } else {
+            return Ok(Projected::Progress(Progress {
+                term: Ty::new_misc_error(tcx).into(),
+                obligations: nested,
+            }));
+        }
     }
+
     // If we're trying to normalize `<Vec<u32> as X>::A<S>` using
     //`impl<T> X for Vec<T> { type A<Y> = Box<Y>; }`, then:
     //
@@ -2033,6 +2044,7 @@ fn confirm_impl_candidate<'cx, 'tcx>(
     let args = obligation.predicate.args.rebase_onto(tcx, trait_def_id, args);
     let args = translate_args(selcx.infcx, param_env, impl_def_id, args, assoc_ty.defining_node);
     let is_const = matches!(tcx.def_kind(assoc_ty.item.def_id), DefKind::AssocConst);
+
     let term: ty::EarlyBinder<'tcx, ty::Term<'tcx>> = if is_const {
         let did = assoc_ty.item.def_id;
         let identity_args = crate::traits::GenericArgs::identity_for_item(tcx, did);
@@ -2041,7 +2053,8 @@ fn confirm_impl_candidate<'cx, 'tcx>(
     } else {
         tcx.type_of(assoc_ty.item.def_id).map_bound(|ty| ty.into())
     };
-    if !tcx.check_args_compatible(assoc_ty.item.def_id, args) {
+
+    let progress = if !tcx.check_args_compatible(assoc_ty.item.def_id, args) {
         let err = Ty::new_error_with_message(
             tcx,
             obligation.cause.span,
@@ -2051,7 +2064,8 @@ fn confirm_impl_candidate<'cx, 'tcx>(
     } else {
         assoc_ty_own_obligations(selcx, obligation, &mut nested);
         Progress { term: term.instantiate(tcx, args), obligations: nested }
-    }
+    };
+    Ok(Projected::Progress(progress))
 }
 
 // Get obligations corresponding to the predicates from the where-clause of the
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_type_ir/src/inherent.rs b/compiler/rustc_type_ir/src/inherent.rs
index 59c2d3c2fc8..6e6c40580d8 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_type_ir/src/inherent.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_type_ir/src/inherent.rs
@@ -155,6 +155,39 @@ pub trait Ty<I: Interner<Ty = Self>>:
     fn is_known_rigid(self) -> bool {
         self.kind().is_known_rigid()
     }
+
+    fn is_guaranteed_unsized_raw(self) -> bool {
+        match self.kind() {
+            ty::Dynamic(_, _, ty::Dyn) | ty::Slice(_) | ty::Str => true,
+            ty::Bool
+            | ty::Char
+            | ty::Int(_)
+            | ty::Uint(_)
+            | ty::Float(_)
+            | ty::Adt(_, _)
+            | ty::Foreign(_)
+            | ty::Array(_, _)
+            | ty::Pat(_, _)
+            | ty::RawPtr(_, _)
+            | ty::Ref(_, _, _)
+            | ty::FnDef(_, _)
+            | ty::FnPtr(_, _)
+            | ty::UnsafeBinder(_)
+            | ty::Closure(_, _)
+            | ty::CoroutineClosure(_, _)
+            | ty::Coroutine(_, _)
+            | ty::CoroutineWitness(_, _)
+            | ty::Never
+            | ty::Tuple(_)
+            | ty::Alias(_, _)
+            | ty::Param(_)
+            | ty::Bound(_, _)
+            | ty::Placeholder(_)
+            | ty::Infer(_)
+            | ty::Error(_)
+            | ty::Dynamic(_, _, ty::DynStar) => false,
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 pub trait Tys<I: Interner<Tys = Self>>:
diff --git a/tests/ui/traits/trivial-unsized-projection.bad.stderr b/tests/ui/traits/trivial-unsized-projection.bad.stderr
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4aea63329b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/ui/traits/trivial-unsized-projection.bad.stderr
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+error[E0277]: the size for values of type `[()]` cannot be known at compilation time
+  --> $DIR/trivial-unsized-projection.rs:20:12
+   |
+LL | const FOO: <[()] as Bad>::Assert = todo!();
+   |            ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ doesn't have a size known at compile-time
+   |
+   = help: the trait `Sized` is not implemented for `[()]`
+note: required by a bound in `Bad::Assert`
+  --> $DIR/trivial-unsized-projection.rs:14:15
+   |
+LL |     type Assert
+   |          ------ required by a bound in this associated type
+LL |     where
+LL |         Self: Sized;
+   |               ^^^^^ required by this bound in `Bad::Assert`
+help: consider relaxing the implicit `Sized` restriction
+   |
+LL |     type Assert: ?Sized
+   |                ++++++++
+
+error[E0277]: the size for values of type `[()]` cannot be known at compilation time
+  --> $DIR/trivial-unsized-projection.rs:20:12
+   |
+LL | const FOO: <[()] as Bad>::Assert = todo!();
+   |            ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ doesn't have a size known at compile-time
+   |
+   = help: the trait `Sized` is not implemented for `[()]`
+note: required by a bound in `Bad::Assert`
+  --> $DIR/trivial-unsized-projection.rs:14:15
+   |
+LL |     type Assert
+   |          ------ required by a bound in this associated type
+LL |     where
+LL |         Self: Sized;
+   |               ^^^^^ required by this bound in `Bad::Assert`
+   = note: duplicate diagnostic emitted due to `-Z deduplicate-diagnostics=no`
+help: consider relaxing the implicit `Sized` restriction
+   |
+LL |     type Assert: ?Sized
+   |                ++++++++
+
+error: aborting due to 2 previous errors
+
+For more information about this error, try `rustc --explain E0277`.
diff --git a/tests/ui/traits/trivial-unsized-projection.bad_new.stderr b/tests/ui/traits/trivial-unsized-projection.bad_new.stderr
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9f01d71ef15
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/ui/traits/trivial-unsized-projection.bad_new.stderr
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+error[E0271]: type mismatch resolving `<[()] as Bad>::Assert normalizes-to <[()] as Bad>::Assert`
+  --> $DIR/trivial-unsized-projection.rs:20:12
+   |
+LL | const FOO: <[()] as Bad>::Assert = todo!();
+   |            ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ types differ
+   |
+   = note: statics and constants must have a statically known size
+
+error[E0277]: the size for values of type `[()]` cannot be known at compilation time
+  --> $DIR/trivial-unsized-projection.rs:20:12
+   |
+LL | const FOO: <[()] as Bad>::Assert = todo!();
+   |            ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ doesn't have a size known at compile-time
+   |
+   = help: the trait `Sized` is not implemented for `[()]`
+note: required by a bound in `Bad::Assert`
+  --> $DIR/trivial-unsized-projection.rs:14:15
+   |
+LL |     type Assert
+   |          ------ required by a bound in this associated type
+LL |     where
+LL |         Self: Sized;
+   |               ^^^^^ required by this bound in `Bad::Assert`
+help: consider relaxing the implicit `Sized` restriction
+   |
+LL |     type Assert: ?Sized
+   |                ++++++++
+
+error[E0277]: the size for values of type `[()]` cannot be known at compilation time
+  --> $DIR/trivial-unsized-projection.rs:20:12
+   |
+LL | const FOO: <[()] as Bad>::Assert = todo!();
+   |            ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ doesn't have a size known at compile-time
+   |
+   = help: the trait `Sized` is not implemented for `[()]`
+note: required by a bound in `Bad::Assert`
+  --> $DIR/trivial-unsized-projection.rs:14:15
+   |
+LL |     type Assert
+   |          ------ required by a bound in this associated type
+LL |     where
+LL |         Self: Sized;
+   |               ^^^^^ required by this bound in `Bad::Assert`
+   = note: duplicate diagnostic emitted due to `-Z deduplicate-diagnostics=no`
+help: consider relaxing the implicit `Sized` restriction
+   |
+LL |     type Assert: ?Sized
+   |                ++++++++
+
+error[E0271]: type mismatch resolving `<[()] as Bad>::Assert normalizes-to <[()] as Bad>::Assert`
+  --> $DIR/trivial-unsized-projection.rs:20:36
+   |
+LL | const FOO: <[()] as Bad>::Assert = todo!();
+   |                                    ^^^^^^^ types differ
+   |
+   = note: this error originates in the macro `todo` (in Nightly builds, run with -Z macro-backtrace for more info)
+
+error: aborting due to 4 previous errors
+
+Some errors have detailed explanations: E0271, E0277.
+For more information about an error, try `rustc --explain E0271`.
diff --git a/tests/ui/traits/trivial-unsized-projection.rs b/tests/ui/traits/trivial-unsized-projection.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..82a309e9e13
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/ui/traits/trivial-unsized-projection.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+//@ revisions: good bad good_new bad_new
+//@[good_new] compile-flags: -Znext-solver
+//@[bad_new] compile-flags: -Znext-solver
+//@ ignore-compare-mode-next-solver (explicit revisions)
+//@[good] check-pass
+//@[good_new] check-pass
+
+#![feature(trivial_bounds)]
+#![allow(trivial_bounds)]
+
+trait Bad {
+    type Assert
+    where
+        Self: Sized;
+}
+
+impl Bad for [()] {}
+
+#[cfg(any(bad, bad_new))]
+const FOO: <[()] as Bad>::Assert = todo!();
+//[bad]~^ ERROR the size for values of type `[()]` cannot be known at compilation time
+//[bad]~| ERROR the size for values of type `[()]` cannot be known at compilation time
+//[bad_new]~^^^ ERROR the size for values of type `[()]` cannot be known at compilation time
+//[bad_new]~| ERROR the size for values of type `[()]` cannot be known at compilation time
+//[bad_new]~| ERROR type mismatch resolving `<[()] as Bad>::Assert normalizes-to <[()] as Bad>::Assert`
+//[bad_new]~| ERROR type mismatch resolving `<[()] as Bad>::Assert normalizes-to <[()] as Bad>::Assert`
+
+#[cfg(any(good, good_new))]
+// Well-formed in trivially false param-env
+fn foo() where [()]: Sized {
+    let _: <[()] as Bad>::Assert;
+}
+
+fn main() {}

From ccdfd310be12f0c46be8b3266b3ff4e2ce5b3806 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Michael Goulet <michael@errs.io>
Date: Wed, 26 Mar 2025 18:59:44 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 2/4] Mark GAT WC as GoalSource::AliasWellFormed so that we
 recurse into them in error reporting

---
 .../src/solve/normalizes_to/mod.rs            |  4 ++--
 compiler/rustc_type_ir/src/solve/mod.rs       |  7 +++++--
 .../trivial-unsized-projection.bad_new.stderr | 21 ++-----------------
 tests/ui/traits/trivial-unsized-projection.rs |  2 --
 4 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 25 deletions(-)

diff --git a/compiler/rustc_next_trait_solver/src/solve/normalizes_to/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_next_trait_solver/src/solve/normalizes_to/mod.rs
index 4cfc727d6b7..f4f15ff6d46 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_next_trait_solver/src/solve/normalizes_to/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_next_trait_solver/src/solve/normalizes_to/mod.rs
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ where
                     // Add GAT where clauses from the trait's definition
                     // FIXME: We don't need these, since these are the type's own WF obligations.
                     ecx.add_goals(
-                        GoalSource::Misc,
+                        GoalSource::AliasWellFormed,
                         cx.own_predicates_of(goal.predicate.def_id())
                             .iter_instantiated(cx, goal.predicate.alias.args)
                             .map(|pred| goal.with(cx, pred)),
@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ where
             // Add GAT where clauses from the trait's definition.
             // FIXME: We don't need these, since these are the type's own WF obligations.
             ecx.add_goals(
-                GoalSource::Misc,
+                GoalSource::AliasWellFormed,
                 cx.own_predicates_of(goal.predicate.def_id())
                     .iter_instantiated(cx, goal.predicate.alias.args)
                     .map(|pred| goal.with(cx, pred)),
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_type_ir/src/solve/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_type_ir/src/solve/mod.rs
index 3aec4804b27..4e9b87fdf74 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_type_ir/src/solve/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_type_ir/src/solve/mod.rs
@@ -83,8 +83,11 @@ pub enum GoalSource {
     /// Instantiating a higher-ranked goal and re-proving it.
     InstantiateHigherRanked,
     /// Predicate required for an alias projection to be well-formed.
-    /// This is used in two places: projecting to an opaque whose hidden type
-    /// is already registered in the opaque type storage, and for rigid projections.
+    /// This is used in three places:
+    /// 1. projecting to an opaque whose hidden type is already registered in
+    ///    the opaque type storage,
+    /// 2. for rigid projections's trait goal,
+    /// 3. for GAT where clauses.
     AliasWellFormed,
     /// In case normalizing aliases in nested goals cycles, eagerly normalizing these
     /// aliases in the context of the parent may incorrectly change the cycle kind.
diff --git a/tests/ui/traits/trivial-unsized-projection.bad_new.stderr b/tests/ui/traits/trivial-unsized-projection.bad_new.stderr
index 9f01d71ef15..4aea63329b3 100644
--- a/tests/ui/traits/trivial-unsized-projection.bad_new.stderr
+++ b/tests/ui/traits/trivial-unsized-projection.bad_new.stderr
@@ -1,11 +1,3 @@
-error[E0271]: type mismatch resolving `<[()] as Bad>::Assert normalizes-to <[()] as Bad>::Assert`
-  --> $DIR/trivial-unsized-projection.rs:20:12
-   |
-LL | const FOO: <[()] as Bad>::Assert = todo!();
-   |            ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ types differ
-   |
-   = note: statics and constants must have a statically known size
-
 error[E0277]: the size for values of type `[()]` cannot be known at compilation time
   --> $DIR/trivial-unsized-projection.rs:20:12
    |
@@ -47,15 +39,6 @@ help: consider relaxing the implicit `Sized` restriction
 LL |     type Assert: ?Sized
    |                ++++++++
 
-error[E0271]: type mismatch resolving `<[()] as Bad>::Assert normalizes-to <[()] as Bad>::Assert`
-  --> $DIR/trivial-unsized-projection.rs:20:36
-   |
-LL | const FOO: <[()] as Bad>::Assert = todo!();
-   |                                    ^^^^^^^ types differ
-   |
-   = note: this error originates in the macro `todo` (in Nightly builds, run with -Z macro-backtrace for more info)
+error: aborting due to 2 previous errors
 
-error: aborting due to 4 previous errors
-
-Some errors have detailed explanations: E0271, E0277.
-For more information about an error, try `rustc --explain E0271`.
+For more information about this error, try `rustc --explain E0277`.
diff --git a/tests/ui/traits/trivial-unsized-projection.rs b/tests/ui/traits/trivial-unsized-projection.rs
index 82a309e9e13..62ff25fb7ac 100644
--- a/tests/ui/traits/trivial-unsized-projection.rs
+++ b/tests/ui/traits/trivial-unsized-projection.rs
@@ -22,8 +22,6 @@ const FOO: <[()] as Bad>::Assert = todo!();
 //[bad]~| ERROR the size for values of type `[()]` cannot be known at compilation time
 //[bad_new]~^^^ ERROR the size for values of type `[()]` cannot be known at compilation time
 //[bad_new]~| ERROR the size for values of type `[()]` cannot be known at compilation time
-//[bad_new]~| ERROR type mismatch resolving `<[()] as Bad>::Assert normalizes-to <[()] as Bad>::Assert`
-//[bad_new]~| ERROR type mismatch resolving `<[()] as Bad>::Assert normalizes-to <[()] as Bad>::Assert`
 
 #[cfg(any(good, good_new))]
 // Well-formed in trivially false param-env

From 830aeb610289924b5910f409f6751fcf4e497f1e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Michael Goulet <michael@errs.io>
Date: Sun, 30 Mar 2025 03:40:14 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 3/4] Use a query rather than recomputing the tail repeatedly

---
 .../rustc_hir_analysis/src/check/check.rs     | 26 +--------
 compiler/rustc_middle/src/query/mod.rs        |  7 +++
 compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/context.rs       |  4 ++
 compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/sty.rs           | 37 ------------
 .../src/solve/normalizes_to/mod.rs            |  2 +-
 .../src/traits/project.rs                     | 16 +-----
 compiler/rustc_ty_utils/src/ty.rs             | 57 +++++++++++++++++++
 compiler/rustc_type_ir/src/interner.rs        |  2 +
 tests/ui/associated-types/impl-wf-cycle-4.rs  |  2 +-
 .../associated-types/impl-wf-cycle-4.stderr   | 29 +++++-----
 .../trivial-unsized-projection-2.bad.stderr   | 54 ++++++++++++++++++
 ...rivial-unsized-projection-2.bad_new.stderr | 54 ++++++++++++++++++
 .../ui/traits/trivial-unsized-projection-2.rs | 34 +++++++++++
 13 files changed, 234 insertions(+), 90 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 tests/ui/traits/trivial-unsized-projection-2.bad.stderr
 create mode 100644 tests/ui/traits/trivial-unsized-projection-2.bad_new.stderr
 create mode 100644 tests/ui/traits/trivial-unsized-projection-2.rs

diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/check/check.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/check/check.rs
index 5b89dcf7dd8..bcfbd7b0e97 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/check/check.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/check/check.rs
@@ -937,27 +937,7 @@ fn check_impl_items_against_trait<'tcx>(
 
     let trait_def = tcx.trait_def(trait_ref.def_id);
 
-    let infcx = tcx.infer_ctxt().ignoring_regions().build(TypingMode::non_body_analysis());
-
-    let ocx = ObligationCtxt::new_with_diagnostics(&infcx);
-    let cause = ObligationCause::misc(tcx.def_span(impl_id), impl_id);
-    let param_env = tcx.param_env(impl_id);
-
-    let self_is_guaranteed_unsized = tcx
-        .struct_tail_raw(
-            trait_ref.self_ty(),
-            |ty| {
-                ocx.structurally_normalize_ty(&cause, param_env, ty).unwrap_or_else(|_| {
-                    Ty::new_error_with_message(
-                        tcx,
-                        tcx.def_span(impl_id),
-                        "struct tail should be computable",
-                    )
-                })
-            },
-            || (),
-        )
-        .is_guaranteed_unsized_raw();
+    let self_is_guaranteed_unsize_self = tcx.impl_self_is_guaranteed_unsized(impl_id);
 
     for &impl_item in impl_item_refs {
         let ty_impl_item = tcx.associated_item(impl_item);
@@ -988,7 +968,7 @@ fn check_impl_items_against_trait<'tcx>(
             }
         }
 
-        if self_is_guaranteed_unsized && tcx.generics_require_sized_self(ty_trait_item.def_id) {
+        if self_is_guaranteed_unsize_self && tcx.generics_require_sized_self(ty_trait_item.def_id) {
             tcx.emit_node_span_lint(
                 rustc_lint_defs::builtin::DEAD_CODE,
                 tcx.local_def_id_to_hir_id(ty_impl_item.def_id.expect_local()),
@@ -1023,7 +1003,7 @@ fn check_impl_items_against_trait<'tcx>(
             if !is_implemented
                 && tcx.defaultness(impl_id).is_final()
                 // unsized types don't need to implement methods that have `Self: Sized` bounds.
-                && !(self_is_guaranteed_unsized && tcx.generics_require_sized_self(trait_item_id))
+                && !(self_is_guaranteed_unsize_self && tcx.generics_require_sized_self(trait_item_id))
             {
                 missing_items.push(tcx.associated_item(trait_item_id));
             }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/query/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/query/mod.rs
index a1df27ac788..40d0028db86 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/query/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/query/mod.rs
@@ -1026,6 +1026,13 @@ rustc_queries! {
         separate_provide_extern
     }
 
+    /// Given an `impl_def_id`, return true if the self type is guaranteed to be unsized due
+    /// to either being one of the built-in unsized types (str/slice/dyn) or to be a struct
+    /// whose tail is one of those types.
+    query impl_self_is_guaranteed_unsized(impl_def_id: DefId) -> bool {
+        desc { |tcx| "computing whether `{}` has a guaranteed unsized self type", tcx.def_path_str(impl_def_id) }
+    }
+
     /// Maps a `DefId` of a type to a list of its inherent impls.
     /// Contains implementations of methods that are inherent to a type.
     /// Methods in these implementations don't need to be exported.
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/context.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/context.rs
index 162ca1f4af8..abf6cbbcd87 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/context.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/context.rs
@@ -437,6 +437,10 @@ impl<'tcx> Interner for TyCtxt<'tcx> {
         )
     }
 
+    fn impl_self_is_guaranteed_unsized(self, impl_def_id: DefId) -> bool {
+        self.impl_self_is_guaranteed_unsized(impl_def_id)
+    }
+
     fn has_target_features(self, def_id: DefId) -> bool {
         !self.codegen_fn_attrs(def_id).target_features.is_empty()
     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/sty.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/sty.rs
index fb15ab8d848..27ee363f1c1 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/sty.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/sty.rs
@@ -2029,43 +2029,6 @@ impl<'tcx> Ty<'tcx> {
     pub fn is_known_rigid(self) -> bool {
         self.kind().is_known_rigid()
     }
-
-    /// Returns true if the type is guaranteed to be one of the three built-in unsized types:
-    /// `dyn Trait`/`[T]`/`str`. This function is *raw* because it does not compute the struct
-    /// tail of the type, so you are responsible for doing that yourself.
-    // NOTE: Keep this in sync with `rustc_type_ir`'s copy.
-    pub fn is_guaranteed_unsized_raw(self) -> bool {
-        match self.kind() {
-            Dynamic(_, _, ty::Dyn) | ty::Slice(_) | ty::Str => true,
-            Bool
-            | Char
-            | Int(_)
-            | Uint(_)
-            | Float(_)
-            | Adt(_, _)
-            | Foreign(_)
-            | Array(_, _)
-            | Pat(_, _)
-            | RawPtr(_, _)
-            | Ref(_, _, _)
-            | FnDef(_, _)
-            | FnPtr(_, _)
-            | UnsafeBinder(_)
-            | Closure(_, _)
-            | CoroutineClosure(_, _)
-            | Coroutine(_, _)
-            | CoroutineWitness(_, _)
-            | Never
-            | Tuple(_)
-            | Alias(_, _)
-            | Param(_)
-            | Bound(_, _)
-            | Placeholder(_)
-            | Infer(_)
-            | Error(_)
-            | Dynamic(_, _, ty::DynStar) => false,
-        }
-    }
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> rustc_type_ir::inherent::Tys<TyCtxt<'tcx>> for &'tcx ty::List<Ty<'tcx>> {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_next_trait_solver/src/solve/normalizes_to/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_next_trait_solver/src/solve/normalizes_to/mod.rs
index f4f15ff6d46..87fb61623d1 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_next_trait_solver/src/solve/normalizes_to/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_next_trait_solver/src/solve/normalizes_to/mod.rs
@@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ where
                 // has a trivially false `Sized` predicate). If it's the latter, we cannot
                 // delay a bug because we can have trivially false where clauses, so we
                 // treat it as rigid.
-                if goal_trait_ref.self_ty().is_guaranteed_unsized_raw() {
+                if cx.impl_self_is_guaranteed_unsized(impl_def_id) {
                     ecx.structurally_instantiate_normalizes_to_term(goal, goal.predicate.alias);
                     return ecx.evaluate_added_goals_and_make_canonical_response(Certainty::Yes);
                 } else {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/project.rs b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/project.rs
index 8c5f1809a49..83591219b14 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/project.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/project.rs
@@ -2007,21 +2007,7 @@ fn confirm_impl_candidate<'cx, 'tcx>(
             "confirm_impl_candidate: no associated type {:?} for {:?}",
             assoc_ty.item.name, obligation.predicate
         );
-        let tail = selcx.tcx().struct_tail_raw(
-            tcx.type_of(impl_def_id).instantiate(tcx, args),
-            |ty| {
-                normalize_with_depth_to(
-                    selcx,
-                    obligation.param_env,
-                    obligation.cause.clone(),
-                    obligation.recursion_depth + 1,
-                    ty,
-                    &mut nested,
-                )
-            },
-            || {},
-        );
-        if tail.is_guaranteed_unsized_raw() {
+        if tcx.impl_self_is_guaranteed_unsized(impl_def_id) {
             // We treat this projection as rigid here, which is represented via
             // `Projected::NoProgress`. This will ensure that the projection is
             // checked for well-formedness, and it's either satisfied by a trivial
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_ty_utils/src/ty.rs b/compiler/rustc_ty_utils/src/ty.rs
index 9dc4f11e456..31d69eef5ec 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_ty_utils/src/ty.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_ty_utils/src/ty.rs
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ use rustc_hir as hir;
 use rustc_hir::LangItem;
 use rustc_hir::def::DefKind;
 use rustc_index::bit_set::DenseBitSet;
+use rustc_infer::infer::TyCtxtInferExt;
 use rustc_middle::bug;
 use rustc_middle::query::Providers;
 use rustc_middle::ty::{
@@ -312,6 +313,61 @@ fn unsizing_params_for_adt<'tcx>(tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, def_id: DefId) -> DenseBitSe
     unsizing_params
 }
 
+fn impl_self_is_guaranteed_unsized<'tcx>(tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, impl_def_id: DefId) -> bool {
+    debug_assert_eq!(tcx.def_kind(impl_def_id), DefKind::Impl { of_trait: true });
+
+    let infcx = tcx.infer_ctxt().ignoring_regions().build(ty::TypingMode::non_body_analysis());
+
+    let ocx = traits::ObligationCtxt::new_with_diagnostics(&infcx);
+    let cause = traits::ObligationCause::dummy();
+    let param_env = tcx.param_env(impl_def_id);
+
+    let tail = tcx.struct_tail_raw(
+        tcx.type_of(impl_def_id).instantiate_identity(),
+        |ty| {
+            ocx.structurally_normalize_ty(&cause, param_env, ty).unwrap_or_else(|_| {
+                Ty::new_error_with_message(
+                    tcx,
+                    tcx.def_span(impl_def_id),
+                    "struct tail should be computable",
+                )
+            })
+        },
+        || (),
+    );
+
+    match tail.kind() {
+        ty::Dynamic(_, _, ty::Dyn) | ty::Slice(_) | ty::Str => true,
+        ty::Bool
+        | ty::Char
+        | ty::Int(_)
+        | ty::Uint(_)
+        | ty::Float(_)
+        | ty::Adt(_, _)
+        | ty::Foreign(_)
+        | ty::Array(_, _)
+        | ty::Pat(_, _)
+        | ty::RawPtr(_, _)
+        | ty::Ref(_, _, _)
+        | ty::FnDef(_, _)
+        | ty::FnPtr(_, _)
+        | ty::UnsafeBinder(_)
+        | ty::Closure(_, _)
+        | ty::CoroutineClosure(_, _)
+        | ty::Coroutine(_, _)
+        | ty::CoroutineWitness(_, _)
+        | ty::Never
+        | ty::Tuple(_)
+        | ty::Alias(_, _)
+        | ty::Param(_)
+        | ty::Bound(_, _)
+        | ty::Placeholder(_)
+        | ty::Infer(_)
+        | ty::Error(_)
+        | ty::Dynamic(_, _, ty::DynStar) => false,
+    }
+}
+
 pub(crate) fn provide(providers: &mut Providers) {
     *providers = Providers {
         asyncness,
@@ -320,6 +376,7 @@ pub(crate) fn provide(providers: &mut Providers) {
         param_env_normalized_for_post_analysis,
         defaultness,
         unsizing_params_for_adt,
+        impl_self_is_guaranteed_unsized,
         ..*providers
     };
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_type_ir/src/interner.rs b/compiler/rustc_type_ir/src/interner.rs
index fce93b735d7..a9e6764e218 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_type_ir/src/interner.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_type_ir/src/interner.rs
@@ -255,6 +255,8 @@ pub trait Interner:
         def_id: Self::DefId,
     ) -> ty::EarlyBinder<Self, impl IntoIterator<Item = ty::Binder<Self, ty::TraitRef<Self>>>>;
 
+    fn impl_self_is_guaranteed_unsized(self, def_id: Self::DefId) -> bool;
+
     fn has_target_features(self, def_id: Self::DefId) -> bool;
 
     fn require_lang_item(self, lang_item: TraitSolverLangItem) -> Self::DefId;
diff --git a/tests/ui/associated-types/impl-wf-cycle-4.rs b/tests/ui/associated-types/impl-wf-cycle-4.rs
index bfa8adc71a1..1c1b3991d32 100644
--- a/tests/ui/associated-types/impl-wf-cycle-4.rs
+++ b/tests/ui/associated-types/impl-wf-cycle-4.rs
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ trait Filter {
     type ToMatch;
 }
 
-impl<T> Filter for T //~ ERROR overflow evaluating the requirement
+impl<T> Filter for T //~ ERROR cycle detected when
 where
     T: Fn(Self::ToMatch),
 {
diff --git a/tests/ui/associated-types/impl-wf-cycle-4.stderr b/tests/ui/associated-types/impl-wf-cycle-4.stderr
index cdbac267d34..c966579aecf 100644
--- a/tests/ui/associated-types/impl-wf-cycle-4.stderr
+++ b/tests/ui/associated-types/impl-wf-cycle-4.stderr
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-error[E0275]: overflow evaluating the requirement `<T as Filter>::ToMatch == <T as Filter>::ToMatch`
+error[E0391]: cycle detected when computing normalized predicates of `<impl at $DIR/impl-wf-cycle-4.rs:5:1: 7:26>`
   --> $DIR/impl-wf-cycle-4.rs:5:1
    |
 LL | / impl<T> Filter for T
@@ -6,20 +6,23 @@ LL | | where
 LL | |     T: Fn(Self::ToMatch),
    | |_________________________^
    |
-note: required for `T` to implement `Filter`
-  --> $DIR/impl-wf-cycle-4.rs:5:9
+note: ...which requires computing whether `<impl at $DIR/impl-wf-cycle-4.rs:5:1: 7:26>` has a guaranteed unsized self type...
+  --> $DIR/impl-wf-cycle-4.rs:5:1
    |
-LL | impl<T> Filter for T
-   |         ^^^^^^     ^
-LL | where
-LL |     T: Fn(Self::ToMatch),
-   |        ----------------- unsatisfied trait bound introduced here
-note: associated types for the current `impl` cannot be restricted in `where` clauses
-  --> $DIR/impl-wf-cycle-4.rs:7:11
+LL | / impl<T> Filter for T
+LL | | where
+LL | |     T: Fn(Self::ToMatch),
+   | |_________________________^
+   = note: ...which again requires computing normalized predicates of `<impl at $DIR/impl-wf-cycle-4.rs:5:1: 7:26>`, completing the cycle
+note: cycle used when checking that `<impl at $DIR/impl-wf-cycle-4.rs:5:1: 7:26>` is well-formed
+  --> $DIR/impl-wf-cycle-4.rs:5:1
    |
-LL |     T: Fn(Self::ToMatch),
-   |           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+LL | / impl<T> Filter for T
+LL | | where
+LL | |     T: Fn(Self::ToMatch),
+   | |_________________________^
+   = note: see https://rustc-dev-guide.rust-lang.org/overview.html#queries and https://rustc-dev-guide.rust-lang.org/query.html for more information
 
 error: aborting due to 1 previous error
 
-For more information about this error, try `rustc --explain E0275`.
+For more information about this error, try `rustc --explain E0391`.
diff --git a/tests/ui/traits/trivial-unsized-projection-2.bad.stderr b/tests/ui/traits/trivial-unsized-projection-2.bad.stderr
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..bf8d3c40cf6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/ui/traits/trivial-unsized-projection-2.bad.stderr
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+error[E0277]: the size for values of type `[()]` cannot be known at compilation time
+  --> $DIR/trivial-unsized-projection-2.rs:22:12
+   |
+LL | const FOO: <Tail as Bad>::Assert = todo!();
+   |            ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ doesn't have a size known at compile-time
+   |
+   = help: within `Tail`, the trait `Sized` is not implemented for `[()]`
+note: required because it appears within the type `Tail`
+  --> $DIR/trivial-unsized-projection-2.rs:17:8
+   |
+LL | struct Tail([()]);
+   |        ^^^^
+note: required by a bound in `Bad::Assert`
+  --> $DIR/trivial-unsized-projection-2.rs:14:15
+   |
+LL |     type Assert
+   |          ------ required by a bound in this associated type
+LL |     where
+LL |         Self: Sized;
+   |               ^^^^^ required by this bound in `Bad::Assert`
+help: consider relaxing the implicit `Sized` restriction
+   |
+LL |     type Assert: ?Sized
+   |                ++++++++
+
+error[E0277]: the size for values of type `[()]` cannot be known at compilation time
+  --> $DIR/trivial-unsized-projection-2.rs:22:12
+   |
+LL | const FOO: <Tail as Bad>::Assert = todo!();
+   |            ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ doesn't have a size known at compile-time
+   |
+   = help: within `Tail`, the trait `Sized` is not implemented for `[()]`
+note: required because it appears within the type `Tail`
+  --> $DIR/trivial-unsized-projection-2.rs:17:8
+   |
+LL | struct Tail([()]);
+   |        ^^^^
+note: required by a bound in `Bad::Assert`
+  --> $DIR/trivial-unsized-projection-2.rs:14:15
+   |
+LL |     type Assert
+   |          ------ required by a bound in this associated type
+LL |     where
+LL |         Self: Sized;
+   |               ^^^^^ required by this bound in `Bad::Assert`
+   = note: duplicate diagnostic emitted due to `-Z deduplicate-diagnostics=no`
+help: consider relaxing the implicit `Sized` restriction
+   |
+LL |     type Assert: ?Sized
+   |                ++++++++
+
+error: aborting due to 2 previous errors
+
+For more information about this error, try `rustc --explain E0277`.
diff --git a/tests/ui/traits/trivial-unsized-projection-2.bad_new.stderr b/tests/ui/traits/trivial-unsized-projection-2.bad_new.stderr
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..bf8d3c40cf6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/ui/traits/trivial-unsized-projection-2.bad_new.stderr
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+error[E0277]: the size for values of type `[()]` cannot be known at compilation time
+  --> $DIR/trivial-unsized-projection-2.rs:22:12
+   |
+LL | const FOO: <Tail as Bad>::Assert = todo!();
+   |            ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ doesn't have a size known at compile-time
+   |
+   = help: within `Tail`, the trait `Sized` is not implemented for `[()]`
+note: required because it appears within the type `Tail`
+  --> $DIR/trivial-unsized-projection-2.rs:17:8
+   |
+LL | struct Tail([()]);
+   |        ^^^^
+note: required by a bound in `Bad::Assert`
+  --> $DIR/trivial-unsized-projection-2.rs:14:15
+   |
+LL |     type Assert
+   |          ------ required by a bound in this associated type
+LL |     where
+LL |         Self: Sized;
+   |               ^^^^^ required by this bound in `Bad::Assert`
+help: consider relaxing the implicit `Sized` restriction
+   |
+LL |     type Assert: ?Sized
+   |                ++++++++
+
+error[E0277]: the size for values of type `[()]` cannot be known at compilation time
+  --> $DIR/trivial-unsized-projection-2.rs:22:12
+   |
+LL | const FOO: <Tail as Bad>::Assert = todo!();
+   |            ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ doesn't have a size known at compile-time
+   |
+   = help: within `Tail`, the trait `Sized` is not implemented for `[()]`
+note: required because it appears within the type `Tail`
+  --> $DIR/trivial-unsized-projection-2.rs:17:8
+   |
+LL | struct Tail([()]);
+   |        ^^^^
+note: required by a bound in `Bad::Assert`
+  --> $DIR/trivial-unsized-projection-2.rs:14:15
+   |
+LL |     type Assert
+   |          ------ required by a bound in this associated type
+LL |     where
+LL |         Self: Sized;
+   |               ^^^^^ required by this bound in `Bad::Assert`
+   = note: duplicate diagnostic emitted due to `-Z deduplicate-diagnostics=no`
+help: consider relaxing the implicit `Sized` restriction
+   |
+LL |     type Assert: ?Sized
+   |                ++++++++
+
+error: aborting due to 2 previous errors
+
+For more information about this error, try `rustc --explain E0277`.
diff --git a/tests/ui/traits/trivial-unsized-projection-2.rs b/tests/ui/traits/trivial-unsized-projection-2.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..af4e12f6f90
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/ui/traits/trivial-unsized-projection-2.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+//@ revisions: good bad good_new bad_new
+//@[good_new] compile-flags: -Znext-solver
+//@[bad_new] compile-flags: -Znext-solver
+//@ ignore-compare-mode-next-solver (explicit revisions)
+//@[good] check-pass
+//@[good_new] check-pass
+
+#![feature(trivial_bounds)]
+#![allow(trivial_bounds)]
+
+trait Bad {
+    type Assert
+    where
+        Self: Sized;
+}
+
+struct Tail([()]);
+
+impl Bad for Tail {}
+
+#[cfg(any(bad, bad_new))]
+const FOO: <Tail as Bad>::Assert = todo!();
+//[bad]~^ ERROR the size for values of type `[()]` cannot be known at compilation time
+//[bad]~| ERROR the size for values of type `[()]` cannot be known at compilation time
+//[bad_new]~^^^ ERROR the size for values of type `[()]` cannot be known at compilation time
+//[bad_new]~| ERROR the size for values of type `[()]` cannot be known at compilation time
+
+#[cfg(any(good, good_new))]
+// Well-formed in trivially false param-env
+fn foo() where Tail: Sized {
+    let _: <Tail as Bad>::Assert;
+}
+
+fn main() {}

From 6cd724bb43b92ae573112c3d39804f227c7ebf02 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Michael Goulet <michael@errs.io>
Date: Mon, 31 Mar 2025 18:56:09 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 4/4] Make unnormalizable item ambiguous in coherence

---
 .../src/solve/normalizes_to/mod.rs            | 20 ++++++++-
 ...trivial-unsized-projection-in-coherence.rs | 45 +++++++++++++++++++
 ...ial-unsized-projection-in-coherence.stderr | 15 +++++++
 3 files changed, 78 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 tests/ui/traits/trivial-unsized-projection-in-coherence.rs
 create mode 100644 tests/ui/traits/trivial-unsized-projection-in-coherence.stderr

diff --git a/compiler/rustc_next_trait_solver/src/solve/normalizes_to/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_next_trait_solver/src/solve/normalizes_to/mod.rs
index 87fb61623d1..2d027f16e5d 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_next_trait_solver/src/solve/normalizes_to/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_next_trait_solver/src/solve/normalizes_to/mod.rs
@@ -238,8 +238,24 @@ where
                 // delay a bug because we can have trivially false where clauses, so we
                 // treat it as rigid.
                 if cx.impl_self_is_guaranteed_unsized(impl_def_id) {
-                    ecx.structurally_instantiate_normalizes_to_term(goal, goal.predicate.alias);
-                    return ecx.evaluate_added_goals_and_make_canonical_response(Certainty::Yes);
+                    match ecx.typing_mode() {
+                        ty::TypingMode::Coherence => {
+                            return ecx.evaluate_added_goals_and_make_canonical_response(
+                                Certainty::AMBIGUOUS,
+                            );
+                        }
+                        ty::TypingMode::Analysis { .. }
+                        | ty::TypingMode::Borrowck { .. }
+                        | ty::TypingMode::PostBorrowckAnalysis { .. }
+                        | ty::TypingMode::PostAnalysis => {
+                            ecx.structurally_instantiate_normalizes_to_term(
+                                goal,
+                                goal.predicate.alias,
+                            );
+                            return ecx
+                                .evaluate_added_goals_and_make_canonical_response(Certainty::Yes);
+                        }
+                    }
                 } else {
                     return error_response(ecx, cx.delay_bug("missing item"));
                 }
diff --git a/tests/ui/traits/trivial-unsized-projection-in-coherence.rs b/tests/ui/traits/trivial-unsized-projection-in-coherence.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4407d544b4e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/ui/traits/trivial-unsized-projection-in-coherence.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+// Make sure we don't treat missing associated items as rigid
+// during coherence, even if we know they've got an impossible
+// `Sized`-bound. As we check whether the self type is definitely
+// not `Sized` outside of coherence, this check can be incomplete.
+//
+// In this test we only use `impl<T> Overlap<u32> for T` to normalize
+// the field of `MaybeUnsized<T, u32>` when checking whether it's
+// definitely not `Sized`. However, for `MaybeUnsized<u32, u32>` we
+// could also use `impl<U> Overlap<U> for u32` for normalization, which
+// would result in a `Sized` type. cc #139000
+
+struct MaybeUnsized<T: Overlap<U>, U>(<T as Overlap<U>>::MaybeUnsized);
+
+trait ReqSized {
+    type Missing1
+    where
+        Self: Sized;
+    type Missing2
+    where
+        Self: Sized;
+}
+impl<T> ReqSized for MaybeUnsized<T, u32> {}
+
+struct W<T: ?Sized>(T);
+trait Eq<T> {}
+impl<T> Eq<T> for W<T> {}
+
+trait RelateReqSized {}
+impl<T: ReqSized> RelateReqSized for T where W<T::Missing1>: Eq<T::Missing2> {}
+
+trait Overlap<U> {
+    type MaybeUnsized: ?Sized;
+}
+impl<T> Overlap<u32> for T {
+    type MaybeUnsized = str;
+}
+impl<U> Overlap<U> for u32
+//~^ ERROR conflicting implementations of trait `Overlap<u32>` for type `u32`
+where
+    MaybeUnsized<U, u32>: RelateReqSized,
+{
+    type MaybeUnsized = u32;
+}
+
+fn main() {}
diff --git a/tests/ui/traits/trivial-unsized-projection-in-coherence.stderr b/tests/ui/traits/trivial-unsized-projection-in-coherence.stderr
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..52fca9479ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/ui/traits/trivial-unsized-projection-in-coherence.stderr
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+error[E0119]: conflicting implementations of trait `Overlap<u32>` for type `u32`
+  --> $DIR/trivial-unsized-projection-in-coherence.rs:37:1
+   |
+LL |   impl<T> Overlap<u32> for T {
+   |   -------------------------- first implementation here
+...
+LL | / impl<U> Overlap<U> for u32
+LL | |
+LL | | where
+LL | |     MaybeUnsized<U, u32>: RelateReqSized,
+   | |_________________________________________^ conflicting implementation for `u32`
+
+error: aborting due to 1 previous error
+
+For more information about this error, try `rustc --explain E0119`.