Enhance and move information about macro debugging

Fixes #22424.

src/doc/reference.md

@@ -731,15 +731,20 @@ Rust syntax is restricted in two ways:
    pairs when they occur at the beginning of, or immediately after, a `$(...)*`;
    requiring a distinctive token in front can solve the problem.
 
-## Syntax extensions useful for the macro author
+## Syntax extensions useful in macros
+
+* `stringify!` : turn the identifier argument into a string literal
+* `concat!` : concatenates a comma-separated list of literals
+
+## Syntax extensions for macro debugging
 
 * `log_syntax!` : print out the arguments at compile time
 * `trace_macros!` : supply `true` or `false` to enable or disable macro expansion logging
-* `stringify!` : turn the identifier argument into a string literal
-* `concat!` : concatenates a comma-separated list of literals
-* `concat_idents!` : create a new identifier by concatenating the arguments
 
-The following attributes are used for quasiquoting in procedural macros:
+## Quasiquoting
+
+The following syntax extensions are used for quasiquoting Rust syntax trees,
+usually in [procedural macros](book/plugins.html#syntax-extensions):
 
 * `quote_expr!`
 * `quote_item!`
@@ -748,6 +753,8 @@ The following attributes are used for quasiquoting in procedural macros:
 * `quote_tokens!`
 * `quote_ty!`
 
+Documentation is very limited at the moment.
+
 # Crates and source files
 
 Rust is a *compiled* language. Its semantics obey a *phase distinction*

src/doc/trpl/advanced-macros.md

@@ -239,19 +239,11 @@ fn main() {
 Exercise: use macros to reduce duplication in the above definition of the
 `bct!` macro.
 
-# A final note
-
-Macros, as currently implemented, are not for the faint of heart. Even
-ordinary syntax errors can be more difficult to debug when they occur inside a
-macro, and errors caused by parse problems in generated code can be very
-tricky. Invoking the `log_syntax!` macro can help elucidate intermediate
-states, invoking `trace_macros!(true)` will automatically print those
-intermediate states out, and passing the flag `--pretty expanded` as a
-command-line argument to the compiler will show the result of expansion.
+# Procedural macros
 
 If Rust's macro system can't do what you need, you may want to write a
 [compiler plugin](plugins.html) instead. Compared to `macro_rules!`
 macros, this is significantly more work, the interfaces are much less stable,
-and the warnings about debugging apply ten-fold. In exchange you get the
+and bugs can be much harder to track down. In exchange you get the
 flexibility of running arbitrary Rust code within the compiler. Syntax
 extension plugins are sometimes called *procedural macros* for this reason.

src/doc/trpl/macros.md

@@ -405,6 +405,25 @@ fn main() {
 }
 ```
 
+# Debugging macro code
+
+To see the results of expanding macros, run `rustc --pretty expanded`. The
+output represents a whole crate, so you can also feed it back in to `rustc`,
+which will sometimes produce better error messages than the original
+compilation. Note that the `--pretty expanded` output may have a different
+meaning if multiple variables of the same name (but different syntax contexts)
+are in play in the same scope. In this case `--pretty expanded,hygiene` will
+tell you about the syntax contexts.
+
+`rustc` provides two syntax extensions that help with macro debugging. For now,
+they are unstable and require feature gates.
+
+* `log_syntax!(...)` will print its arguments to standard output, at compile
+  time, and "expand" to nothing.
+
+* `trace_macros!(true)` will enable a compiler message every time a macro is
+  expanded. Use `trace_macros!(false)` later in expansion to turn it off.
+
 # Further reading
 
 The [advanced macros chapter][] goes into more detail about macro syntax. It

src/doc/trpl/plugins.md

@@ -146,14 +146,7 @@ a more involved macro example, see
 
 ## Tips and tricks
 
-To see the results of expanding syntax extensions, run
-`rustc --pretty expanded`. The output represents a whole crate, so you
-can also feed it back in to `rustc`, which will sometimes produce better
-error messages than the original compilation. Note that the
-`--pretty expanded` output may have a different meaning if multiple
-variables of the same name (but different syntax contexts) are in play
-in the same scope. In this case `--pretty expanded,hygiene` will tell
-you about the syntax contexts.
+Some of the [macro debugging tips](macros.html#debugging-macro-code) are applicable.
 
 You can use [`syntax::parse`](../syntax/parse/index.html) to turn token trees into
 higher-level syntax elements like expressions:
@@ -184,6 +177,11 @@ and return
 [`DummyResult`](../syntax/ext/base/struct.DummyResult.html),
 so that the compiler can continue and find further errors.
 
+To print syntax fragments for debugging, you can use
+[`span_note`](../syntax/ext/base/struct.ExtCtxt.html#method.span_note) together
+with
+[`syntax::print::pprust::*_to_string`](http://doc.rust-lang.org/syntax/print/pprust/index.html#functions).
+
 The example above produced an integer literal using
 [`AstBuilder::expr_uint`](../syntax/ext/build/trait.AstBuilder.html#tymethod.expr_uint).
 As an alternative to the `AstBuilder` trait, `libsyntax` provides a set of