specialize io::copy to use copy_file_range, splice or sendfile

Currently it only applies to linux systems. It can be extended to make use
of similar syscalls on other unix systems.

library/std/src/fs.rs

@@ -1656,7 +1656,7 @@ pub fn rename<P: AsRef<Path>, Q: AsRef<Path>>(from: P, to: Q) -> io::Result<()>
 /// the length of the `to` file as reported by `metadata`.
 ///
 /// If you’re wanting to copy the contents of one file to another and you’re
-/// working with [`File`]s, see the [`io::copy`] function.
+/// working with [`File`]s, see the [`io::copy()`] function.
 ///
 /// # Platform-specific behavior
 ///

library/std/src/io/copy.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,456 @@
+use crate::io::{self, ErrorKind, Read, Write};
+use crate::mem::MaybeUninit;
+
+/// Copies the entire contents of a reader into a writer.
+///
+/// This function will continuously read data from `reader` and then
+/// write it into `writer` in a streaming fashion until `reader`
+/// returns EOF.
+///
+/// On success, the total number of bytes that were copied from
+/// `reader` to `writer` is returned.
+///
+/// If you’re wanting to copy the contents of one file to another and you’re
+/// working with filesystem paths, see the [`fs::copy`] function.
+///
+/// [`fs::copy`]: crate::fs::copy
+///
+/// # Errors
+///
+/// This function will return an error immediately if any call to [`read`] or
+/// [`write`] returns an error. All instances of [`ErrorKind::Interrupted`] are
+/// handled by this function and the underlying operation is retried.
+///
+/// [`read`]: Read::read
+/// [`write`]: Write::write
+///
+/// # Examples
+///
+/// ```
+/// use std::io;
+///
+/// fn main() -> io::Result<()> {
+///     let mut reader: &[u8] = b"hello";
+///     let mut writer: Vec<u8> = vec![];
+///
+///     io::copy(&mut reader, &mut writer)?;
+///
+///     assert_eq!(&b"hello"[..], &writer[..]);
+///     Ok(())
+/// }
+/// ```
+#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
+pub fn copy<R: ?Sized, W: ?Sized>(reader: &mut R, writer: &mut W) -> io::Result<u64>
+where
+    R: Read,
+    W: Write,
+{
+    #[cfg(any(target_os = "linux", target_os = "android"))]
+    {
+        kernel_copy::copy_spec(reader, writer)
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(not(any(target_os = "linux", target_os = "android")))]
+    generic_copy(reader, writer)
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn generic_copy<R: ?Sized, W: ?Sized>(reader: &mut R, writer: &mut W) -> io::Result<u64>
+where
+    R: Read,
+    W: Write,
+{
+    let mut buf = MaybeUninit::<[u8; super::DEFAULT_BUF_SIZE]>::uninit();
+    // FIXME: #42788
+    //
+    //   - This creates a (mut) reference to a slice of
+    //     _uninitialized_ integers, which is **undefined behavior**
+    //
+    //   - Only the standard library gets to soundly "ignore" this,
+    //     based on its privileged knowledge of unstable rustc
+    //     internals;
+    unsafe {
+        reader.initializer().initialize(buf.assume_init_mut());
+    }
+
+    let mut written = 0;
+    loop {
+        let len = match reader.read(unsafe { buf.assume_init_mut() }) {
+            Ok(0) => return Ok(written),
+            Ok(len) => len,
+            Err(ref e) if e.kind() == ErrorKind::Interrupted => continue,
+            Err(e) => return Err(e),
+        };
+        writer.write_all(unsafe { &buf.assume_init_ref()[..len] })?;
+        written += len as u64;
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(any(target_os = "linux", target_os = "android"))]
+mod kernel_copy {
+
+    use crate::cmp::min;
+    use crate::convert::TryInto;
+    use crate::fs::{File, Metadata};
+    use crate::io::{
+        BufRead, BufReader, BufWriter, Read, Result, StderrLock, StdinLock, StdoutLock, Take, Write,
+    };
+    use crate::mem::ManuallyDrop;
+    use crate::net::TcpStream;
+    use crate::os::unix::fs::FileTypeExt;
+    use crate::os::unix::io::{AsRawFd, FromRawFd, RawFd};
+    use crate::process::{ChildStderr, ChildStdin, ChildStdout};
+
+    pub(super) fn copy_spec<R: Read + ?Sized, W: Write + ?Sized>(
+        read: &mut R,
+        write: &mut W,
+    ) -> Result<u64> {
+        let copier = Copier { read, write };
+        SpecCopy::copy(copier)
+    }
+
+    enum FdMeta {
+        Metadata(Metadata),
+        Socket,
+        Pipe,
+        None,
+    }
+
+    impl FdMeta {
+        fn is_fifo(&self) -> bool {
+            match self {
+                FdMeta::Metadata(meta) => meta.file_type().is_fifo(),
+                FdMeta::Socket => false,
+                FdMeta::Pipe => true,
+                FdMeta::None => false,
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    struct CopyParams(FdMeta, Option<RawFd>);
+
+    struct Copier<'a, 'b, R: Read + ?Sized, W: Write + ?Sized> {
+        pub read: &'a mut R,
+        pub write: &'b mut W,
+    }
+
+    trait SpecCopy {
+        fn copy(self) -> Result<u64>;
+    }
+
+    impl<R: Read + ?Sized, W: Write + ?Sized> SpecCopy for Copier<'_, '_, R, W> {
+        default fn copy(self) -> Result<u64> {
+            super::generic_copy(self.read, self.write)
+        }
+    }
+
+    impl<R: CopyRead, W: CopyWrite> SpecCopy for Copier<'_, '_, R, W> {
+        fn copy(self) -> Result<u64> {
+            let (reader, writer) = (self.read, self.write);
+            let r_cfg = reader.properties();
+            let w_cfg = writer.properties();
+
+            // before direct operations  on file descriptors ensure that all source and sink buffers are emtpy
+            let mut flush = || -> crate::io::Result<u64> {
+                let bytes = reader.drain_to(writer, u64::MAX)?;
+                writer.flush()?;
+                Ok(bytes)
+            };
+
+            match (r_cfg, w_cfg) {
+                (
+                    CopyParams(FdMeta::Metadata(reader_meta), Some(readfd)),
+                    CopyParams(FdMeta::Metadata(writer_meta), Some(writefd)),
+                ) if reader_meta.is_file() && writer_meta.is_file() => {
+                    let bytes_flushed = flush()?;
+                    let max_write = reader.min_limit();
+                    let (mut reader, mut writer) =
+                        unsafe { (fd_as_file(readfd), fd_as_file(writefd)) };
+                    let len = reader_meta.len();
+                    crate::sys::fs::copy_regular_files(
+                        &mut reader,
+                        &mut writer,
+                        min(len, max_write),
+                    )
+                    .map(|bytes_copied| bytes_copied + bytes_flushed)
+                }
+                (CopyParams(reader_meta, Some(readfd)), CopyParams(writer_meta, Some(writefd)))
+                    if reader_meta.is_fifo() || writer_meta.is_fifo() =>
+                {
+                    // splice
+                    let bytes_flushed = flush()?;
+                    let max_write = reader.min_limit();
+                    let (mut reader, mut writer) =
+                        unsafe { (fd_as_file(readfd), fd_as_file(writefd)) };
+                    crate::sys::fs::sendfile_splice(
+                        crate::sys::fs::SpliceMode::Splice,
+                        &mut reader,
+                        &mut writer,
+                        max_write,
+                    )
+                    .map(|bytes_sent| bytes_sent + bytes_flushed)
+                }
+                (
+                    CopyParams(FdMeta::Metadata(reader_meta), Some(readfd)),
+                    CopyParams(_, Some(writefd)),
+                ) if reader_meta.is_file() => {
+                    // try sendfile, most modern systems it should work with any target as long as the source is a mmapable file.
+                    // in the rare cases where it's no supported the wrapper function will fall back to a normal copy loop
+                    let bytes_flushed = flush()?;
+                    let (mut reader, mut writer) =
+                        unsafe { (fd_as_file(readfd), fd_as_file(writefd)) };
+                    let len = reader_meta.len();
+                    let max_write = reader.min_limit();
+                    crate::sys::fs::sendfile_splice(
+                        crate::sys::fs::SpliceMode::Sendfile,
+                        &mut reader,
+                        &mut writer,
+                        min(len, max_write),
+                    )
+                    .map(|bytes_sent| bytes_sent + bytes_flushed)
+                }
+                _ => super::generic_copy(reader, writer),
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[rustc_specialization_trait]
+    trait CopyRead: Read {
+        fn drain_to<W: Write>(&mut self, _writer: &mut W, _limit: u64) -> Result<u64> {
+            Ok(0)
+        }
+
+        /// The minimum of the limit of all `Take<_>` wrappers, `u64::MAX` otherwise.
+        /// This method does not account for data `BufReader` buffers and would underreport
+        /// the limit of a `Take<BufReader<Take<_>>>` type. Thus its result is only valid
+        /// after draining the buffers.
+        fn min_limit(&self) -> u64 {
+            u64::MAX
+        }
+
+        fn properties(&self) -> CopyParams;
+    }
+
+    #[rustc_specialization_trait]
+    trait CopyWrite: Write {
+        fn properties(&self) -> CopyParams;
+    }
+
+    impl CopyRead for File {
+        fn properties(&self) -> CopyParams {
+            CopyParams(fd_to_meta(self), Some(self.as_raw_fd()))
+        }
+    }
+
+    impl CopyRead for &File {
+        fn properties(&self) -> CopyParams {
+            CopyParams(fd_to_meta(*self), Some(self.as_raw_fd()))
+        }
+    }
+
+    impl CopyWrite for File {
+        fn properties(&self) -> CopyParams {
+            CopyParams(fd_to_meta(self), Some(self.as_raw_fd()))
+        }
+    }
+
+    impl CopyWrite for &File {
+        fn properties(&self) -> CopyParams {
+            CopyParams(fd_to_meta(*self), Some(self.as_raw_fd()))
+        }
+    }
+
+    impl CopyRead for TcpStream {
+        fn properties(&self) -> CopyParams {
+            // avoid the stat syscall since we can be fairly sure it's a socket
+            CopyParams(FdMeta::Socket, Some(self.as_raw_fd()))
+        }
+    }
+
+    impl CopyRead for &TcpStream {
+        fn properties(&self) -> CopyParams {
+            // avoid the stat syscall since we can be fairly sure it's a socket
+            CopyParams(FdMeta::Socket, Some(self.as_raw_fd()))
+        }
+    }
+
+    impl CopyWrite for TcpStream {
+        fn properties(&self) -> CopyParams {
+            // avoid the stat syscall since we can be fairly sure it's a socket
+            CopyParams(FdMeta::Socket, Some(self.as_raw_fd()))
+        }
+    }
+
+    impl CopyWrite for &TcpStream {
+        fn properties(&self) -> CopyParams {
+            // avoid the stat syscall since we can be fairly sure it's a socket
+            CopyParams(FdMeta::Socket, Some(self.as_raw_fd()))
+        }
+    }
+
+    impl CopyWrite for ChildStdin {
+        fn properties(&self) -> CopyParams {
+            CopyParams(FdMeta::Pipe, Some(self.as_raw_fd()))
+        }
+    }
+
+    impl CopyRead for ChildStdout {
+        fn properties(&self) -> CopyParams {
+            CopyParams(FdMeta::Pipe, Some(self.as_raw_fd()))
+        }
+    }
+
+    impl CopyRead for ChildStderr {
+        fn properties(&self) -> CopyParams {
+            CopyParams(FdMeta::Pipe, Some(self.as_raw_fd()))
+        }
+    }
+
+    impl CopyRead for StdinLock<'_> {
+        fn drain_to<W: Write>(&mut self, writer: &mut W, outer_limit: u64) -> Result<u64> {
+            let buf_reader = self.as_mut_buf();
+            let buf = buf_reader.buffer();
+            let buf = &buf[0..min(buf.len(), outer_limit.try_into().unwrap_or(usize::MAX))];
+            let bytes_drained = buf.len();
+            writer.write_all(buf)?;
+            buf_reader.consume(bytes_drained);
+
+            Ok(bytes_drained as u64)
+        }
+
+        fn properties(&self) -> CopyParams {
+            CopyParams(fd_to_meta(self), Some(self.as_raw_fd()))
+        }
+    }
+
+    impl CopyWrite for StdoutLock<'_> {
+        fn properties(&self) -> CopyParams {
+            CopyParams(fd_to_meta(self), Some(self.as_raw_fd()))
+        }
+    }
+
+    impl CopyWrite for StderrLock<'_> {
+        fn properties(&self) -> CopyParams {
+            CopyParams(fd_to_meta(self), Some(self.as_raw_fd()))
+        }
+    }
+
+    impl<T: CopyRead> CopyRead for Take<T> {
+        fn drain_to<W: Write>(&mut self, writer: &mut W, outer_limit: u64) -> Result<u64> {
+            let local_limit = self.limit();
+            let combined_limit = min(outer_limit, local_limit);
+            let bytes_drained = self.get_mut().drain_to(writer, combined_limit)?;
+            // update limit since read() was bypassed
+            self.set_limit(local_limit - bytes_drained);
+
+            Ok(bytes_drained)
+        }
+
+        fn min_limit(&self) -> u64 {
+            min(Take::limit(self), self.get_ref().min_limit())
+        }
+
+        fn properties(&self) -> CopyParams {
+            self.get_ref().properties()
+        }
+    }
+
+    impl<T: CopyRead> CopyRead for BufReader<T> {
+        fn drain_to<W: Write>(&mut self, writer: &mut W, outer_limit: u64) -> Result<u64> {
+            let buf = self.buffer();
+            let buf = &buf[0..min(buf.len(), outer_limit.try_into().unwrap_or(usize::MAX))];
+            let bytes = buf.len();
+            writer.write_all(buf)?;
+            self.consume(bytes);
+
+            let remaining = outer_limit - bytes as u64;
+
+            // in case of nested bufreaders we also need to drain the ones closer to the source
+            let inner_bytes = self.get_mut().drain_to(writer, remaining)?;
+
+            Ok(bytes as u64 + inner_bytes)
+        }
+
+        fn min_limit(&self) -> u64 {
+            self.get_ref().min_limit()
+        }
+
+        fn properties(&self) -> CopyParams {
+            self.get_ref().properties()
+        }
+    }
+
+    impl<T: CopyWrite> CopyWrite for BufWriter<T> {
+        fn properties(&self) -> CopyParams {
+            self.get_ref().properties()
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn fd_to_meta<T: AsRawFd>(fd: &T) -> FdMeta {
+        let fd = fd.as_raw_fd();
+        let file: ManuallyDrop<File> = ManuallyDrop::new(unsafe { File::from_raw_fd(fd) });
+        match file.metadata() {
+            Ok(meta) => FdMeta::Metadata(meta),
+            Err(_) => FdMeta::None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    unsafe fn fd_as_file(fd: RawFd) -> ManuallyDrop<File> {
+        ManuallyDrop::new(File::from_raw_fd(fd))
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(test)]
+    mod tests {
+
+        use crate::io::{BufRead, BufReader, BufWriter, Read, Result, Seek, SeekFrom, Write};
+
+        #[test]
+        fn copy_specialization() -> Result<()> {
+            let path = crate::env::temp_dir();
+            let source_path = path.join("copy-spec.source");
+            let sink_path = path.join("copy-spec.sink");
+
+            let result: Result<()> = try {
+                let mut source = crate::fs::OpenOptions::new()
+                    .read(true)
+                    .write(true)
+                    .create(true)
+                    .truncate(true)
+                    .open(&source_path)?;
+                source.write_all(b"abcdefghiklmnopqr")?;
+                source.seek(SeekFrom::Start(8))?;
+                let mut source = BufReader::with_capacity(8, source.take(5));
+                source.fill_buf()?;
+                assert_eq!(source.buffer(), b"iklmn");
+                source.get_mut().set_limit(6);
+                source.get_mut().get_mut().seek(SeekFrom::Start(1))?; // "bcdefg"
+                let mut source = source.take(10); // "iklmnbcdef"
+
+                let mut sink = crate::fs::OpenOptions::new()
+                    .read(true)
+                    .write(true)
+                    .create(true)
+                    .truncate(true)
+                    .open(&sink_path)?;
+                sink.write_all(b"000000")?;
+                let mut sink = BufWriter::with_capacity(5, sink);
+                sink.write_all(b"wxyz")?;
+                assert_eq!(sink.buffer(), b"wxyz");
+
+                let copied = crate::io::copy(&mut source, &mut sink)?;
+                assert_eq!(copied, 10);
+                assert_eq!(sink.buffer().len(), 0);
+
+                let mut sink = sink.into_inner()?;
+                sink.seek(SeekFrom::Start(0))?;
+                let mut copied = Vec::new();
+                sink.read_to_end(&mut copied)?;
+                assert_eq!(&copied, b"000000wxyziklmnbcdef");
+            };
+
+            let rm1 = crate::fs::remove_file(source_path);
+            let rm2 = crate::fs::remove_file(sink_path);
+
+            result.and(rm1).and(rm2)
+        }
+    }
+}

library/std/src/io/mod.rs

@@ -266,6 +266,8 @@ pub use self::buffered::IntoInnerError;
 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
 pub use self::buffered::{BufReader, BufWriter, LineWriter};
 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
+pub use self::copy::copy;
+#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
 pub use self::cursor::Cursor;
 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
 pub use self::error::{Error, ErrorKind, Result};
@@ -279,9 +281,12 @@ pub use self::stdio::{_eprint, _print};
 #[doc(no_inline, hidden)]
 pub use self::stdio::{set_panic, set_print};
 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
-pub use self::util::{copy, empty, repeat, sink, Empty, Repeat, Sink};
+pub use self::util::{empty, repeat, sink, Empty, Repeat, Sink};
+
+pub(crate) use self::copy::generic_copy;
 
 mod buffered;
+mod copy;
 mod cursor;
 mod error;
 mod impls;

library/std/src/io/stdio.rs

@@ -409,6 +409,12 @@ impl Read for Stdin {
     }
 }
 
+impl StdinLock<'_> {
+    pub(crate) fn as_mut_buf(&mut self) -> &mut BufReader<impl Read> {
+        &mut self.inner
+    }
+}
+
 #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
 impl Read for StdinLock<'_> {
     fn read(&mut self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {

library/std/src/io/util.rs

@@ -4,78 +4,7 @@
 mod tests;
 
 use crate::fmt;
-use crate::io::{self, BufRead, ErrorKind, Initializer, IoSlice, IoSliceMut, Read, Write};
-use crate::mem::MaybeUninit;
-
-/// Copies the entire contents of a reader into a writer.
-///
-/// This function will continuously read data from `reader` and then
-/// write it into `writer` in a streaming fashion until `reader`
-/// returns EOF.
-///
-/// On success, the total number of bytes that were copied from
-/// `reader` to `writer` is returned.
-///
-/// If you’re wanting to copy the contents of one file to another and you’re
-/// working with filesystem paths, see the [`fs::copy`] function.
-///
-/// [`fs::copy`]: crate::fs::copy
-///
-/// # Errors
-///
-/// This function will return an error immediately if any call to [`read`] or
-/// [`write`] returns an error. All instances of [`ErrorKind::Interrupted`] are
-/// handled by this function and the underlying operation is retried.
-///
-/// [`read`]: Read::read
-/// [`write`]: Write::write
-///
-/// # Examples
-///
-/// ```
-/// use std::io;
-///
-/// fn main() -> io::Result<()> {
-///     let mut reader: &[u8] = b"hello";
-///     let mut writer: Vec<u8> = vec![];
-///
-///     io::copy(&mut reader, &mut writer)?;
-///
-///     assert_eq!(&b"hello"[..], &writer[..]);
-///     Ok(())
-/// }
-/// ```
-#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
-pub fn copy<R: ?Sized, W: ?Sized>(reader: &mut R, writer: &mut W) -> io::Result<u64>
-where
-    R: Read,
-    W: Write,
-{
-    let mut buf = MaybeUninit::<[u8; super::DEFAULT_BUF_SIZE]>::uninit();
-    // FIXME: #42788
-    //
-    //   - This creates a (mut) reference to a slice of
-    //     _uninitialized_ integers, which is **undefined behavior**
-    //
-    //   - Only the standard library gets to soundly "ignore" this,
-    //     based on its privileged knowledge of unstable rustc
-    //     internals;
-    unsafe {
-        reader.initializer().initialize(buf.assume_init_mut());
-    }
-
-    let mut written = 0;
-    loop {
-        let len = match reader.read(unsafe { buf.assume_init_mut() }) {
-            Ok(0) => return Ok(written),
-            Ok(len) => len,
-            Err(ref e) if e.kind() == ErrorKind::Interrupted => continue,
-            Err(e) => return Err(e),
-        };
-        writer.write_all(unsafe { &buf.assume_init_ref()[..len] })?;
-        written += len as u64;
-    }
-}
+use crate::io::{self, BufRead, Initializer, IoSlice, IoSliceMut, Read, Write};
 
 /// A reader which is always at EOF.
 ///

library/std/src/lib.rs

@@ -316,6 +316,7 @@
 #![feature(toowned_clone_into)]
 #![feature(total_cmp)]
 #![feature(trace_macros)]
+#![feature(try_blocks)]
 #![feature(try_reserve)]
 #![feature(unboxed_closures)]
 #![feature(unsafe_block_in_unsafe_fn)]

library/std/src/sys/unix/fs.rs

@@ -1191,6 +1191,21 @@ pub fn copy(from: &Path, to: &Path) -> io::Result<u64> {
 
 #[cfg(any(target_os = "linux", target_os = "android"))]
 pub fn copy(from: &Path, to: &Path) -> io::Result<u64> {
+    let (mut reader, reader_metadata) = open_from(from)?;
+    let max_len = u64::MAX;
+    let (mut writer, _) = open_to_and_set_permissions(to, reader_metadata)?;
+
+    copy_regular_files(&mut reader, &mut writer, max_len)
+}
+
+/// linux-specific implementation that will attempt to use copy_file_range for copy offloading
+/// as the name says, it only works on regular files
+#[cfg(any(target_os = "linux", target_os = "android"))]
+pub(crate) fn copy_regular_files(
+    reader: &mut crate::fs::File,
+    writer: &mut crate::fs::File,
+    max_len: u64,
+) -> io::Result<u64> {
     use crate::cmp;
     use crate::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering};
 
@@ -1209,10 +1224,6 @@ pub fn copy(from: &Path, to: &Path) -> io::Result<u64> {
         libc::syscall(libc::SYS_copy_file_range, fd_in, off_in, fd_out, off_out, len, flags)
     }
 
-    let (mut reader, reader_metadata) = open_from(from)?;
-    let max_len = u64::MAX;
-    let (mut writer, _) = open_to_and_set_permissions(to, reader_metadata)?;
-
     let has_copy_file_range = HAS_COPY_FILE_RANGE.load(Ordering::Relaxed);
     let mut written = 0u64;
     while written < max_len {
@@ -1249,7 +1260,7 @@ pub fn copy(from: &Path, to: &Path) -> io::Result<u64> {
                 // - reading virtual files from the proc filesystem which appear to have 0 size
                 //   but are not empty. noted in coreutils to affect kernels at least up to 5.6.19.
                 // - copying from an overlay filesystem in docker. reported to occur on fedora 32.
-                return io::copy(&mut reader, &mut writer);
+                return io::copy(reader, writer);
             }
             Ok(0) => return Ok(written), // reached EOF
             Ok(ret) => written += ret as u64,
@@ -1265,7 +1276,59 @@ pub fn copy(from: &Path, to: &Path) -> io::Result<u64> {
                         // - copy_file_range is disallowed, for example by seccomp (EPERM)
                         // - copy_file_range cannot be used with pipes or device nodes (EINVAL)
                         assert_eq!(written, 0);
-                        return io::copy(&mut reader, &mut writer);
+                        return io::generic_copy(reader, writer);
+                    }
+                    _ => return Err(err),
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    Ok(written)
+}
+
+pub(crate) enum SpliceMode {
+    Sendfile,
+    Splice,
+}
+
+/// performs splice or sendfile between file descriptors
+#[cfg(any(target_os = "linux", target_os = "android"))]
+pub(crate) fn sendfile_splice(
+    mode: SpliceMode,
+    reader: &mut crate::fs::File,
+    writer: &mut crate::fs::File,
+    len: u64,
+) -> io::Result<u64> {
+    let mut written = 0u64;
+    while written < len {
+        let chunk_size = crate::cmp::min(len - written, 0x7ffff000_u64) as usize;
+
+        let result = match mode {
+            SpliceMode::Sendfile => cvt(unsafe {
+                libc::sendfile(writer.as_raw_fd(), reader.as_raw_fd(), ptr::null_mut(), chunk_size)
+            }),
+            SpliceMode::Splice => cvt(unsafe {
+                libc::splice(
+                    reader.as_raw_fd(),
+                    ptr::null_mut(),
+                    writer.as_raw_fd(),
+                    ptr::null_mut(),
+                    chunk_size,
+                    0,
+                )
+            }),
+        };
+
+        match result {
+            Ok(0) => break, // EOF
+            Ok(ret) => written += ret as u64,
+            Err(err) => {
+                match err.raw_os_error() {
+                    Some(os_err) if os_err == libc::EINVAL => {
+                        // Try fallback io::copy if splice/sendfile do not support this particular
+                        // file descritor (EINVAL)
+                        assert_eq!(written, 0);
+                        return io::generic_copy(reader, writer);
                     }
                     _ => return Err(err),
                 }