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docs: extend rust docs (#35587)
- Add example for setting up nix-shell, improve rust docs - Rust docs: add gcc rust dependencies and fix carnix commands - Fix a typo with the carnix command.
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@ -16,6 +16,12 @@ cargo
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into the `environment.systemPackages` or bring them into
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scope with `nix-shell -p rustc cargo`.
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> If you are using NixOS and you want to use rust without a nix expression you
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> probably want to add the following in your `configuration.nix` to build
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> crates with C dependencies.
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>
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> environment.systemPackages = [binutils gcc gnumake openssl pkgconfig]
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For daily builds (beta and nightly) use either rustup from
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nixpkgs or use the [Rust nightlies
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overlay](#using-the-rust-nightlies-overlay).
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@ -76,7 +82,7 @@ an example for a minimal `hello` crate:
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Compiling hello v0.1.0 (file:///tmp/hello)
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Finished dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.20 secs
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$ carnix -o hello.nix --src ./. Cargo.lock --standalone
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$ nix-build hello.nix
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$ nix-build hello.nix -A hello_0_1_0
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Now, the file produced by the call to `carnix`, called `hello.nix`, looks like:
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@ -276,6 +282,84 @@ features, we would write:
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Where `diesel.nix` is the file generated by Carnix, as explained above.
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## Setting Up `nix-shell`
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Oftentimes you want to develop code from within `nix-shell`. Unfortunately
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`buildRustCrate` does not support common `nix-shell` operations directly
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(see [this issue](https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/issues/37945))
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so we will use `stdenv.mkDerivation` instead.
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Using the example `hello` project above, we want to do the following:
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- Have access to `cargo` and `rustc`
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- Have the `openssl` library available to a crate through it's _normal_
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compilation mechanism (`pkg-config`).
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A typical `shell.nix` might look like:
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```
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with import <nixpkgs> {};
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stdenv.mkDerivation {
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name = "rust-env";
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buildInputs = [
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rustc cargo
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# Example Additional Dependencies
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pkgconfig openssl
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];
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# Set Environment Variables
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RUST_BACKTRACE = 1;
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}
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```
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You should now be able to run the following:
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```
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$ nix-shell --pure
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$ cargo build
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$ cargo test
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```
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### Controlling Rust Version Inside `nix-shell`
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To control your rust version (i.e. use nightly) from within `shell.nix` (or
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other nix expressions) you can use the following `shell.nix`
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```
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# Latest Nightly
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with import <nixpkgs> {};
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let src = fetchFromGitHub {
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owner = "mozilla";
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repo = "nixpkgs-mozilla";
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# commit from: 2018-03-27
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rev = "2945b0b6b2fd19e7d23bac695afd65e320efcebe";
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sha256 = "034m1dryrzh2lmjvk3c0krgip652dql46w5yfwpvh7gavd3iypyw";
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};
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in
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with import "${src.out}/rust-overlay.nix" pkgs pkgs;
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stdenv.mkDerivation {
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name = "rust-env";
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buildInputs = [
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# Note: to use use stable, just replace `nightly` with `stable`
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latest.rustChannels.nightly.rust
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# Add some extra dependencies from `pkgs`
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pkgconfig openssl
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];
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# Set Environment Variables
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RUST_BACKTRACE = 1;
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}
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```
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Now run:
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```
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$ rustc --version
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rustc 1.26.0-nightly (188e693b3 2018-03-26)
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```
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To see that you are using nightly.
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## Using the Rust nightlies overlay
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Mozilla provides an overlay for nixpkgs to bring a nightly version of Rust into scope.
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