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reword documentation on nix-path config option (#7772)
* docs: unify documentation on search paths - put all the information on search path semantics into `builtins.findFile` - put all the information on determining the value of `builtins.nixPath` into the `nix-path` setting maybe `builtins.nixPath` is a better place for this, but those bits can still be moved around now that it's all next to each other. - link to the syntax page for lookup paths from all places that are concerned with it - add or clarify examples - add a test verifying a claim from documentation
This commit is contained in:
Valentin Gagarin
GitHub
parent
e8b37e9e70
commit
db5bacb637
@ -9,22 +9,26 @@ Most Nix commands interpret the following environment variables:
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- <span id="env-NIX_PATH">[`NIX_PATH`](#env-NIX_PATH)</span>
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A colon-separated list of directories used to look up the location of Nix
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expressions using [paths](@docroot@/language/types.md#type-path)
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enclosed in angle brackets (i.e., `<path>`),
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e.g. `/home/eelco/Dev:/etc/nixos`. It can be extended using the
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[`-I` option](@docroot@/command-ref/opt-common.md#opt-I).
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A colon-separated list of search path entries used to resolve [lookup paths](@docroot@/language/constructs/lookup-path.md).
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If `NIX_PATH` is not set at all, Nix will fall back to the following list in [impure](@docroot@/command-ref/conf-file.md#conf-pure-eval) and [unrestricted](@docroot@/command-ref/conf-file.md#conf-restrict-eval) evaluation mode:
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This environment variable overrides the value of the [`nix-path` configuration setting](@docroot@/command-ref/conf-file.md#conf-nix-path).
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1. `$HOME/.nix-defexpr/channels`
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2. `nixpkgs=/nix/var/nix/profiles/per-user/root/channels/nixpkgs`
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3. `/nix/var/nix/profiles/per-user/root/channels`
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It can be extended using the [`-I` option](@docroot@/command-ref/opt-common.md#opt-I).
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> **Example**
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>
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> ```bash
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> $ export NIX_PATH=`/home/eelco/Dev:nixos-config=/etc/nixos
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> ```
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If `NIX_PATH` is set to an empty string, resolving search paths will always fail.
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For example, attempting to use `<nixpkgs>` will produce:
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error: file 'nixpkgs' was not found in the Nix search path
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> **Example**
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>
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> ```bash
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> $ NIX_PATH= nix-instantiate --eval '<nixpkgs>'
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> error: file 'nixpkgs' was not found in the Nix search path (add it using $NIX_PATH or -I)
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> ```
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- <span id="env-NIX_IGNORE_SYMLINK_STORE">[`NIX_IGNORE_SYMLINK_STORE`](#env-NIX_IGNORE_SYMLINK_STORE)</span>
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@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ Most Nix commands accept the following command-line options:
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Print even more informational messages.
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- `4` “Debug”
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Print debug information.
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- `5` “Vomit”
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@ -187,11 +187,12 @@ Most Nix commands accept the following command-line options:
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For `nix-shell`, this option is commonly used to give you a shell in which you can build the packages returned by the expression.
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If you want to get a shell which contain the *built* packages ready for use, give your expression to the `nix-shell --packages ` convenience flag instead.
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- <span id="opt-I">[`-I`](#opt-I)</span> *path*
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- <span id="opt-I">[`-I` / `--include`](#opt-I)</span> *path*
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Add an entry to the [Nix expression search path](@docroot@/command-ref/conf-file.md#conf-nix-path).
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Add an entry to the list of search paths used to resolve [lookup paths](@docroot@/language/constructs/lookup-path.md).
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This option may be given multiple times.
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Paths added through `-I` take precedence over [`NIX_PATH`](@docroot@/command-ref/env-common.md#env-NIX_PATH).
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Paths added through `-I` take precedence over the [`nix-path` configuration setting](@docroot@/command-ref/conf-file.md#conf-nix-path) and the [`NIX_PATH` environment variable](@docroot@/command-ref/env-common.md#env-NIX_PATH).
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- <span id="opt-option">[`--option`](#opt-option)</span> *name* *value*
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@ -91,75 +91,11 @@ MixEvalArgs::MixEvalArgs()
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.longName = "include",
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.shortName = 'I',
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.description = R"(
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Add *path* to the Nix search path. The Nix search path is
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initialized from the colon-separated [`NIX_PATH`](@docroot@/command-ref/env-common.md#env-NIX_PATH) environment
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variable, and is used to look up the location of Nix expressions using [paths](@docroot@/language/types.md#type-path) enclosed in angle
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brackets (i.e., `<nixpkgs>`).
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Add *path* to search path entries used to resolve [lookup paths](@docroot@/language/constructs/lookup-path.md)
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For instance, passing
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This option may be given multiple times.
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```
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-I /home/eelco/Dev
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-I /etc/nixos
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```
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will cause Nix to look for paths relative to `/home/eelco/Dev` and
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`/etc/nixos`, in that order. This is equivalent to setting the
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`NIX_PATH` environment variable to
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```
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/home/eelco/Dev:/etc/nixos
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```
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It is also possible to match paths against a prefix. For example,
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passing
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```
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-I nixpkgs=/home/eelco/Dev/nixpkgs-branch
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-I /etc/nixos
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```
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will cause Nix to search for `<nixpkgs/path>` in
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`/home/eelco/Dev/nixpkgs-branch/path` and `/etc/nixos/nixpkgs/path`.
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If a path in the Nix search path starts with `http://` or `https://`,
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it is interpreted as the URL of a tarball that will be downloaded and
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unpacked to a temporary location. The tarball must consist of a single
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top-level directory. For example, passing
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```
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-I nixpkgs=https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/archive/master.tar.gz
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```
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tells Nix to download and use the current contents of the `master`
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branch in the `nixpkgs` repository.
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The URLs of the tarballs from the official `nixos.org` channels
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(see [the manual page for `nix-channel`](../nix-channel.md)) can be
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abbreviated as `channel:<channel-name>`. For instance, the
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following two flags are equivalent:
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```
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-I nixpkgs=channel:nixos-21.05
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-I nixpkgs=https://nixos.org/channels/nixos-21.05/nixexprs.tar.xz
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```
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You can also fetch source trees using [flake URLs](./nix3-flake.md#url-like-syntax) and add them to the
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search path. For instance,
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```
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-I nixpkgs=flake:nixpkgs
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```
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specifies that the prefix `nixpkgs` shall refer to the source tree
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downloaded from the `nixpkgs` entry in the flake registry. Similarly,
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```
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-I nixpkgs=flake:github:NixOS/nixpkgs/nixos-22.05
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```
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makes `<nixpkgs>` refer to a particular branch of the
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`NixOS/nixpkgs` repository on GitHub.
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Paths added through `-I` take precedence over the [`nix-path` configuration setting](@docroot@/command-ref/conf-file.md#conf-nix-path) and the [`NIX_PATH` environment variable](@docroot@/command-ref/env-common.md#env-NIX_PATH).
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)",
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.category = category,
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.labels = {"path"},
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@ -79,19 +79,24 @@ struct EvalSettings : Config
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This setting determines the value of
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[`builtins.nixPath`](@docroot@/language/builtins.md#builtins-nixPath) and can be used with [`builtins.findFile`](@docroot@/language/builtins.md#builtins-findFile).
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The default value is
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- The configuration setting is overridden by the [`NIX_PATH`](@docroot@/command-ref/env-common.md#env-NIX_PATH)
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environment variable.
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- `NIX_PATH` is overridden by [specifying the setting as the command line flag](@docroot@/command-ref/conf-file.md#command-line-flags) `--nix-path`.
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- Any current value is extended by the [`-I` option](@docroot@/command-ref/opt-common.md#opt-I) or `--extra-nix-path`.
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```
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$HOME/.nix-defexpr/channels
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nixpkgs=$NIX_STATE_DIR/profiles/per-user/root/channels/nixpkgs
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$NIX_STATE_DIR/profiles/per-user/root/channels
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```
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If the respective paths are accessible, the default values are:
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It can be overridden with the [`NIX_PATH` environment variable](@docroot@/command-ref/env-common.md#env-NIX_PATH) or the [`-I` command line option](@docroot@/command-ref/opt-common.md#opt-I).
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- `$HOME/.nix-defexpr/channels`
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- `nixpkgs=$NIX_STATE_DIR/profiles/per-user/root/channels/nixpkgs`
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- `$NIX_STATE_DIR/profiles/per-user/root/channels`
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See [`NIX_STATE_DIR`](@docroot@/command-ref/env-common.md#env-NIX_STATE_DIR) for details.
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> **Note**
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>
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> If [pure evaluation](#conf-pure-eval) is enabled, `nixPath` evaluates to the empty list `[ ]`.
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> If [restricted evaluation](@docroot@/command-ref/conf-file.md#conf-restrict-eval) is enabled, the default value is empty.
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>
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> If [pure evaluation](#conf-pure-eval) is enabled, `builtins.nixPath` *always* evaluates to the empty list `[ ]`.
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)", {}, false};
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Setting<std::string> currentSystem{
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@ -1843,34 +1843,6 @@ static RegisterPrimOp primop_findFile(PrimOp {
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.doc = R"(
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Find *lookup-path* in *search-path*.
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A search path is represented list of [attribute sets](./types.md#attribute-set) with two attributes:
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- `prefix` is a relative path.
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- `path` denotes a file system location
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The exact syntax depends on the command line interface.
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Examples of search path attribute sets:
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- ```
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{
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prefix = "nixos-config";
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path = "/etc/nixos/configuration.nix";
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}
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```
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- ```
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{
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prefix = "";
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path = "/nix/var/nix/profiles/per-user/root/channels";
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}
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```
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The lookup algorithm checks each entry until a match is found, returning a [path value](@docroot@/language/types.md#type-path) of the match:
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- If *lookup-path* matches `prefix`, then the remainder of *lookup-path* (the "suffix") is searched for within the directory denoted by `path`.
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Note that the `path` may need to be downloaded at this point to look inside.
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- If the suffix is found inside that directory, then the entry is a match.
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The combined absolute path of the directory (now downloaded if need be) and the suffix is returned.
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[Lookup path](@docroot@/language/constructs/lookup-path.md) expressions are [desugared](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syntactic_sugar) using this and [`builtins.nixPath`](#builtins-nixPath):
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```nix
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@ -1882,6 +1854,119 @@ static RegisterPrimOp primop_findFile(PrimOp {
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```nix
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builtins.findFile builtins.nixPath "nixpkgs"
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```
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A search path is represented as a list of [attribute sets](./types.md#attribute-set) with two attributes:
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- `prefix` is a relative path.
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- `path` denotes a file system location
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Examples of search path attribute sets:
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- ```
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{
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prefix = "";
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path = "/nix/var/nix/profiles/per-user/root/channels";
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}
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```
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- ```
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{
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prefix = "nixos-config";
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path = "/etc/nixos/configuration.nix";
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}
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```
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- ```
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{
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prefix = "nixpkgs";
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path = "https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/tarballs/master";
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}
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```
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- ```
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{
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prefix = "nixpkgs";
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path = "channel:nixpkgs-unstable";
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}
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```
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- ```
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{
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prefix = "flake-compat";
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path = "flake:github:edolstra/flake-compat";
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}
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```
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The lookup algorithm checks each entry until a match is found, returning a [path value](@docroot@/language/types.md#type-path) of the match:
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- If a prefix of `lookup-path` matches `prefix`, then the remainder of *lookup-path* (the "suffix") is searched for within the directory denoted by `path`.
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The contents of `path` may need to be downloaded at this point to look inside.
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- If the suffix is found inside that directory, then the entry is a match.
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The combined absolute path of the directory (now downloaded if need be) and the suffix is returned.
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> **Example**
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>
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> A *search-path* value
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>
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> ```
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> [
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> {
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> prefix = "";
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> path = "/home/eelco/Dev";
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> }
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> {
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> prefix = "nixos-config";
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> path = "/etc/nixos";
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> }
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> ]
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> ```
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>
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> and a *lookup-path* value `"nixos-config"` will cause Nix to try `/home/eelco/Dev/nixos-config` and `/etc/nixos` in that order and return the first path that exists.
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If `path` starts with `http://` or `https://`, it is interpreted as the URL of a tarball that will be downloaded and unpacked to a temporary location.
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The tarball must consist of a single top-level directory.
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The URLs of the tarballs from the official `nixos.org` channels can be abbreviated as `channel:<channel-name>`.
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See [documentation on `nix-channel`](@docroot@/command-ref/nix-channel.md) for details about channels.
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> **Example**
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>
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> These two search path entries are equivalent:
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>
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> - ```
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> {
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> prefix = "nixpkgs";
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> path = "channel:nixpkgs-unstable";
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> }
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> ```
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> - ```
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> {
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> prefix = "nixpkgs";
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> path = "https://nixos.org/channels/nixos-unstable/nixexprs.tar.xz";
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> }
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> ```
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Search paths can also point to source trees using [flake URLs](@docroot@/command-ref/new-cli/nix3-flake.md#url-like-syntax).
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> **Example**
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>
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> The search path entry
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>
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> ```
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> {
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> prefix = "nixpkgs";
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> path = "flake:nixpkgs";
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> }
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> ```
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> specifies that the prefix `nixpkgs` shall refer to the source tree downloaded from the `nixpkgs` entry in the flake registry.
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>
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> Similarly
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>
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> ```
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> {
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> prefix = "nixpkgs";
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> path = "flake:github:nixos/nixpkgs/nixos-22.05";
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> }
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> ```
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>
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> makes `<nixpkgs>` refer to a particular branch of the `NixOS/nixpkgs` repository on GitHub.
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)",
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.fun = prim_findFile,
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});
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@ -4731,6 +4816,13 @@ void EvalState::createBaseEnv()
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.doc = R"(
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The value of the [`nix-path` configuration setting](@docroot@/command-ref/conf-file.md#conf-nix-path): a list of search path entries used to resolve [lookup paths](@docroot@/language/constructs/lookup-path.md).
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> **Example**
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>
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> ```bash
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> $ NIX_PATH= nix-instantiate --eval --expr "builtins.nixPath" -I foo=bar --no-pure-eval
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> [ { path = "bar"; prefix = "foo"; } ]
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> ```
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Lookup path expressions are [desugared](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syntactic_sugar) using this and
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[`builtins.findFile`](./builtins.html#builtins-findFile):
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@ -22,13 +22,13 @@ nix-instantiate --eval -E '<by-relative-path/simple.nix>' --restrict-eval
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#
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# | precedence | hard-coded | nix-path in file | extra-nix-path in file | nix-path in env | extra-nix-path in env | NIX_PATH | nix-path | extra-nix-path | -I |
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# |------------------------|------------|------------------|------------------------|-----------------|-----------------------|-----------|-----------|-----------------|-----------------|
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# | hard-coded | x | ^override | ^append | ^override | ^append | ^override | ^override | ^append | ^append |
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# | nix-path in file | | last wins | ^append | ^override | ^append | ^override | ^override | ^append | ^append |
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# | extra-nix-path in file | | | append in order | ^override | ^append | ^override | ^override | ^append | ^append |
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# | nix-path in env | | | | last wins | ^append | ^override | ^override | ^append | ^append |
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# | extra-nix-path in env | | | | | append in order | ^override | ^override | ^append | ^append |
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# | NIX_PATH | | | | | | x | ^override | ^append | ^append |
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# | nix-path | | | | | | | last wins | ^append | ^append |
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# | hard-coded | x | ^override | ^append | ^override | ^append | ^override | ^override | ^append | ^prepend |
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# | nix-path in file | | last wins | ^append | ^override | ^append | ^override | ^override | ^append | ^prepend |
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# | extra-nix-path in file | | | append in order | ^override | ^append | ^override | ^override | ^append | ^prepend |
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# | nix-path in env | | | | last wins | ^append | ^override | ^override | ^append | ^prepend |
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# | extra-nix-path in env | | | | | append in order | ^override | ^override | ^append | ^prepend |
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# | NIX_PATH | | | | | | x | ^override | ^append | ^prepend |
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# | nix-path | | | | | | | last wins | ^append | ^prepend |
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# | extra-nix-path | | | | | | | | append in order | append in order |
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# | -I | | | | | | | | | append in order |
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@ -59,6 +59,8 @@ echo "nix-path = test=$TEST_ROOT/from-nix-path-file" >> "$test_nix_conf"
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# -I extends NIX_PATH
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[[ $(NIX_PATH=test=$TEST_ROOT/from-NIX_PATH nix-instantiate -I test=$TEST_ROOT/from-I --find-file test/only-from-I.nix) = $TEST_ROOT/from-I/only-from-I.nix ]]
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# -I takes precedence over NIX_PATH
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[[ $(NIX_PATH=test=$TEST_ROOT/from-NIX_PATH nix-instantiate -I test=$TEST_ROOT/from-I --find-file test) = $TEST_ROOT/from-I ]]
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# if -I does not have the desired entry, the value from NIX_PATH is used
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[[ $(NIX_PATH=test=$TEST_ROOT/from-NIX_PATH nix-instantiate -I test=$TEST_ROOT/from-I --find-file test/only-from-NIX_PATH.nix) = $TEST_ROOT/from-NIX_PATH/only-from-NIX_PATH.nix ]]
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