diff --git a/tests/nixos/default.nix b/tests/nixos/default.nix
index 98de31e13..627728424 100644
--- a/tests/nixos/default.nix
+++ b/tests/nixos/default.nix
@@ -158,4 +158,6 @@ in
   fetch-git = runNixOSTestFor "x86_64-linux" ./fetch-git;
 
   ca-fd-leak = runNixOSTestFor "x86_64-linux" ./ca-fd-leak;
+
+  gzip-content-encoding = runNixOSTestFor "x86_64-linux" ./gzip-content-encoding.nix;
 }
diff --git a/tests/nixos/gzip-content-encoding.nix b/tests/nixos/gzip-content-encoding.nix
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a5a0033fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/nixos/gzip-content-encoding.nix
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+# Test that compressed files fetched from server with compressed responses
+# do not get excessively decompressed.
+# E.g. fetching a zstd compressed tarball from a server,
+# which compresses the response with `Content-Encoding: gzip`.
+# The expected result is that the fetched file is a zstd archive.
+
+{ lib, config, ... }:
+
+let
+  pkgs = config.nodes.machine.nixpkgs.pkgs;
+
+  ztdCompressedFile = pkgs.stdenv.mkDerivation {
+    name = "dummy-zstd-compressed-archive";
+    dontUnpack = true;
+    nativeBuildInputs = with pkgs; [ zstd ];
+    buildPhase = ''
+      mkdir archive
+      for _ in {1..100}; do echo "lorem" > archive/file1; done
+      for _ in {1..100}; do echo "ipsum" > archive/file2; done
+      tar --zstd -cf archive.tar.zst archive
+    '';
+    installPhase = ''
+      install -Dm 644 -T archive.tar.zst $out/share/archive
+    '';
+  };
+
+  fileCmd = "${pkgs.file}/bin/file";
+in
+
+{
+  name = "gzip-content-encoding";
+
+  nodes =
+    { machine =
+      { config, pkgs, ... }:
+      { networking.firewall.allowedTCPPorts = [ 80 ];
+
+        services.nginx.enable = true;
+        services.nginx.virtualHosts."localhost" =
+          { root = "${ztdCompressedFile}/share/";
+            # Make sure that nginx really tries to compress the
+            # file on the fly with no regard to size/mime.
+            # http://nginx.org/en/docs/http/ngx_http_gzip_module.html
+            extraConfig = ''
+              gzip on;
+              gzip_types *;
+              gzip_proxied any;
+              gzip_min_length 0;
+            '';
+          };
+        virtualisation.writableStore = true;
+        virtualisation.additionalPaths = with pkgs; [ file ];
+        nix.settings.substituters = lib.mkForce [ ];
+      };
+    };
+
+  # Check that when nix-prefetch-url is used with a zst tarball it does not get decompressed.
+  testScript = { nodes }: ''
+    # fmt: off
+    start_all()
+
+    machine.wait_for_unit("nginx.service")
+    machine.succeed("""
+      # Make sure that the file is properly compressed as the test would be meaningless otherwise
+      curl --compressed -v http://localhost/archive |& tr -s ' ' |& grep --ignore-case 'content-encoding: gzip'
+      archive_path=$(nix-prefetch-url http://localhost/archive --print-path | tail -n1)
+      [[ $(${fileCmd} --brief --mime-type $archive_path) == "application/zstd" ]]
+      tar --zstd -xf $archive_path
+    """)
+  '';
+}