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Update and expand information about building Gitea (#6019)

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* Update and expand building information

Signed-off-by: Andrew Thornton <art27@cantab.net>

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* Fix spelling mistake

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* Note about documentation for the website

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* More changes

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* Clarified the automatic build dependency

* Update the from-source to match the hacking information

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* Update hacking-on-gitea.en-us.md

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docs/content/doc/advanced/hacking-on-gitea.en-us.md
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# Hacking on Gitea # Hacking on Gitea
Familiarity with the existing [installation instructions](https://golang.org/doc/install) ## Installing go and setting the GOPATH
is required for this section.
To contribute to Gitea, fork the project and work on the `master` branch. You should [install go](https://golang.org/doc/install) and set up your go
environment correctly. In particular, it is recommended to set the `$GOPATH`
environment variable and to add the go bin directory or directories
`${GOPATH//://bin:}/bin` to the `$PATH`. See the Go wiki entry for
[GOPATH](https://github.com/golang/go/wiki/GOPATH).
Some internal packages are referenced using their respective Github URL. This can You will also need make.
become problematic. To "trick" the Go tool into thinking this is a clone from the <a href='{{< relref "doc/advanced/make.en-us.md" >}}'>(See here how to get Make)</a>
official repository, download the source code using "go get" and follow these instructions.
``` **Note**: When executing make tasks that require external tools, like
`make misspell-check`, Gitea will automatically download and build these as
necessary. To be able to use these you must have the `"$GOPATH"/bin` directory
on the executable path. If you don't add the go bin directory to the
executable path you will have to manage this yourself.
**Note 2**: Go version 1.9 or higher is required, however it is important
to note that our continuous integration will check that the formatting of the
source code is not changed by `gofmt` using `make fmt-check`. Unfortunately,
the results of `gofmt` can differ by the version of `go` it is therefore
recommended to install the version of go that our continuous integration is
running. At the time of writing this is Go version 1.11, however this can be
checked by looking at the
[master `.drone.yml`](https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/blob/master/.drone.yml)
(At the time of writing
[line 67](https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/blob/8917d66571a95f3da232a0c27bc1300210d10fde/.drone.yml#L67)
is the relevant line - however this may change.)
## Downloading and cloning the Gitea source code
Go is quite opinionated about where it expects its source code, and simply
cloning the Gitea repository to an arbitrary path is likely to lead to
problems - the fixing of which is out of scope for this document. Further some
internal packages are referenced using their respective Github URL and at
present we use `vendor/` directories.
The recommended method of obtaining the source code is by using the `go get` command:
```bash
go get -d code.gitea.io/gitea go get -d code.gitea.io/gitea
cd "$GOPATH/src/code.gitea.io/gitea"
``` ```
Fork the [Gitea repository](https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea) on GitHub, it should This will clone the Gitea source code to: `"$GOPATH/src/code.gitea.io/gitea"`, or if `$GOPATH`
then be possible to switch the source directory on the command line. is not set `"$HOME/go/src/code.gitea.io/gitea"`.
## Forking Gitea
As stated above, you cannot clone Gitea to an arbitrary path. Download the master Gitea source
code as above. Then fork the [Gitea repository](https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea) on GitHub,
and either switch the git remote origin for your fork or add your fork as another remote:
```bash
# Rename original Gitea origin to upstream
cd "$GOPATH/src/code.gitea.io/gitea"
git remote rename origin upstream
git remote add origin "git@github.com:$GITHUB_USERNAME/gitea.git"
git fetch --all --prune
``` ```
cd $GOPATH/src/code.gitea.io/gitea
or:
```bash
# Add new remote for our fork
cd "$GOPATH/src/code.gitea.io/gitea"
git remote add "$FORK_NAME" "git@github.com:$GITHUB_USERNAME/gitea.git"
git fetch --all --prune
``` ```
To be able to create pull requests, the forked repository should be added as a remote To be able to create pull requests, the forked repository should be added as a remote
to the Gitea sources, otherwise changes can't be pushed. to the Gitea sources, otherwise changes can't be pushed.
``` ## Building Gitea (Basic)
git remote rename origin upstream
git remote add origin git@github.com:<USERNAME>/gitea.git Take a look at our
git fetch --all --prune <a href='{{< relref "doc/installation/from-source.en-us.md" >}}'>instructions</a>
for <a href='{{< relref "doc/installation/from-source.en-us.md" >}}'>building
from source</a>.
The simplest recommended way to build from source is:
```bash
TAGS="bindata sqlite sqlite_unlock_notify" make generate build
``` ```
This should provide a working development environment for Gitea. Take a look at However, there are a number of additional make tasks you should be aware of.
the `Makefile` to get an overview about the available tasks. The most common tasks These are documented below but you can look at our
should be `make test` which will start our test environment and `make build` which [`Makefile`](https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/blob/master/Makefile) for more,
will build a `gitea` binary into the working directory. Writing test cases is not and look at our
mandatory to contribute, but it is highly encouraged and helps developers sleep [`.drone.yml`](https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/blob/master/.drone.yml) to see
at night. how our continuous integration works.
That's it! You are ready to hack on Gitea. Test changes, push them to the repository, ### Formatting, linting, vetting and spell-check
and open a pull request.
Our continous integration will reject PRs that are not properly formatted, fail
linting, vet or spell-check.
You should format your code with `go fmt` using:
```bash
make fmt
```
and can test whether your changes would match the results with:
```bash
make fmt-check # which runs make fmt internally
```
**Note**: The results of `go fmt` are dependent on the version of `go` present.
You should run the same version of go that is on the continuous integration
server as mentioned above. `make fmt-check` will only check if your `go` would
format differently - this may be different from the CI server version.
You should lint, vet and spell-check with:
```bash
make vet lint misspell-check
```
### Updating the stylesheets
At present we use [less](http://lesscss.org/) and [postcss](https://postcss.org) to generate our stylesheets. Do
**not** edit the files in `public/css/` directly as they are generated from
`lessc` from the files in `public/less/`.
If you wish to work on the stylesheets you will need to install `lessc` the
less compiler and `postcss`. The recommended way to do this is using `npm install`:
```bash
cd "$GOPATH/src/code.gitea.io/gitea"
npm install
```
You can then edit the less stylesheets and regenerate the stylesheets using:
```bash
make generate-stylesheets
```
You should commit both the changes to the css and the less files when making
PRs.
### Updating the API
When creating new API routes or modifying existing API routes you **MUST**
update and/or create [Swagger](https://swagger.io/docs/specification/2-0/what-is-swagger/)
documentation for these using [go-swagger](https://goswagger.io/) comments.
The structure of these comments is described in the [specification](https://goswagger.io/use/spec.html#annotation-syntax).
If you want more information about the Swagger structure you can look at the
[Swagger 2.0 Documentation](https://swagger.io/docs/specification/2-0/basic-structure/)
or compare with a previous PR adding a new API endpoint e.g. [PR #5483](https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/5843/files#diff-2e0a7b644cf31e1c8ef7d76b444fe3aaR20)
You should be careful not to break the API for downstream users which depend
on a stable API. In general this means additions are acceptable, but deletions
or fundamental changes of API will be rejected.
Once you have created or changed an API endpoint, please regenerate the Swagger
documentation using:
```bash
make generate-swagger
```
You should validate your generated Swagger file and spell-check it with:
```bash
make swagger-validate mispell-check
```
You should commit the changed swagger JSON file. The continous integration
server will check that this has been done using:
```bash
make swagger-check
```
**Note**: Please note you should use the Swagger 2.0 documentation, not the
OpenAPI 3 documentation.
### Creating new configuration options
When creating new configuration options, it is not enough to add them to the
`modules/setting` files. You should add information to `custom/conf/app.ini`
and to the
<a href='{{ relref "doc/advanced/config-cheat-sheet.en-us.md"}}'>configuration cheat sheet</a>
found in `docs/content/doc/advanced/config-cheat-sheet.en-us.md`
### Changing the logo
When changing the Gitea logo svg. You will need to run and commit the results
of:
```bash
make generate-images
```
This will create the necessary Gitea favicon and others.
### Database Migrations
If you make breaking changes to any of the database persisted structs in the
`models/` directory you will need to make a new migration. These can be found
in `models/migrations/`. You can ensure that your migrations work for the main
database types using:
```bash
make test-sqlite-migration # with sqlite switched for the appropriate database
```
## Testing
There are two types of test run by Gitea: Unit tests and Integration Tests.
```bash
TAGS="bindata sqlite sqlite_unlock_notify" make test # Runs the unit tests
```
Unit tests will not and cannot completely test Gitea alone. Therefore we
have written integration tests, however, these are database dependent.
```bash
TAGS="bindata sqlite sqlite_unlock_notify" make generate build test-sqlite
```
Will run the integration tests in an sqlite environment. Other database tests
are available however may need adjustment for local environment.
Look at
[`integrations/README.md`](https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/blob/master/integrations/README.md)
for more information and how to run a single test.
Our continuous integration will test the code passes its unit tests and that
all supported databases will pass integration test in a docker environment.
Migration from several recent versions of gitea will also be tested.
Please submit your PR with additional tests and integration tests as
appropriate.
## Documentation for the website
Documentation for the website is found in `docs/`. If you change this you
can test your changes to ensure that they pass continuous integration using:
```bash
cd "$GOPATH/src/code.gitea.io/gitea/docs"
make trans-copy clean build
```
You will require a copy of [Hugo](https://gohugo.io/) to run this task. Please
note this may generate a number of untracked git objects which will need to
be cleaned up.
## Visual Studio Code
A `launch.json` and `tasks.json` are provided within `contrib/ide/vscode` for
Visual Studio Code. Look at
[`contrib/ide/README.md`](https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/blob/master/contrib/ide/README.md)
for more information.
## Submitting PRs
Once you're happy with your changes, push them up and open a pull request. It
is recommended that you allow Gitea Managers and Owners to modify your PR
branches as we will need to update it to master before merging and/or may be
able to help fix issues directly.
Any PR requires two approvals from the Gitea maintainers and needs to pass the
continous integration. Take a look at our
[`CONTRIBUTING.md`](https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md)
document.
If you need more help pop on to [Discord](https://discord.gg/gitea) #Develop
and chat there.
That's it! You are ready to hack on Gitea.

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# Installation from source # Installation from source
This section will not include basic [installation instructions](https://golang.org/doc/install). You should [install go](https://golang.org/doc/install) and set up your go
environment correctly. In particular, it is recommended to set the `$GOPATH`
environment variable and to add the go bin directory or directories
`${GOPATH//://bin:}/bin` to the `$PATH`. See the Go wiki entry for
[GOPATH](https://github.com/golang/go/wiki/GOPATH).
**Note**: Go version 1.8 or higher is required **Note**: When executing make tasks that require external tools, like
`make misspell-check`, Gitea will automatically download and build these as
necessary. To be able to use these you must have the `"$GOPATH/bin"` directory
on the executable path. If you don't add the go bin directory to the
executable path you will have to manage this yourself.
**Note 2**: Go version 1.9 or higher is required, however it is recommended to
obtain the same version as our continuous integration, see the advice given in
<a href='{{ relref "docs/advanced/hacking-on-gitea.en-us.md" }}'>Hacking on
Gitea</a>
## Download ## Download
First retrieve the source code. The easiest way is to use the Go tool. Use the following First retrieve the source code. The easiest way is to use the Go tool. Use the
commands to fetch the source and switch into the source directory. following commands to fetch the source and switch into the source directory.
Go is quite opinionated about where it expects its source code, and simply
cloning the Gitea repository to an arbitrary path is likely to lead to
problems - the fixing of which is out of scope for this document.
``` ```bash
go get -d -u code.gitea.io/gitea go get -d -u code.gitea.io/gitea
cd $GOPATH/src/code.gitea.io/gitea cd "$GOPATH/src/code.gitea.io/gitea"
``` ```
Decide which version of Gitea to build and install. Currently, there are multiple options Decide which version of Gitea to build and install. Currently, there are
to choose from. The `master` branch represents the current development version. To build multiple options to choose from. The `master` branch represents the current
with master, skip to the [build section](#build). development version. To build with master, skip to the [build section](#build).
To work with tagged releases, the following commands can be used: To work with tagged releases, the following commands can be used:
```
```bash
git branch -a git branch -a
git checkout v1.0 git checkout v1.0
``` ```
To validate a Pull Request, first enable the new branch (`xyz` is the PR id; for example To validate a Pull Request, first enable the new branch (`xyz` is the PR id;
`2663` for [#2663](https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/2663)): for example `2663` for [#2663](https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/2663)):
``` ```bash
git fetch origin pull/xyz/head:pr-xyz git fetch origin pull/xyz/head:pr-xyz
``` ```
To build Gitea from source at a specific tagged release (like v1.0.0), list the available To build Gitea from source at a specific tagged release (like v1.0.0), list the
tags and check out the specific tag. available tags and check out the specific tag.
List available tags with the following. List available tags with the following.
``` ```bash
git tag -l git tag -l
git checkout v1.0.0 # or git checkout pr-xyz git checkout v1.0.0 # or git checkout pr-xyz
``` ```
@ -59,32 +76,44 @@ git checkout v1.0.0 # or git checkout pr-xyz
## Build ## Build
Since all required libraries are already bundled in the Gitea source, it's Since all required libraries are already bundled in the Gitea source, it's
possible to build Gitea with no additional downloads. Various possible to build Gitea with no additional downloads apart from Make
[make tasks](https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/blob/master/Makefile) are <a href='{{< relref "doc/advanced/make.en-us.md" >}}'>(See here how to get Make)</a>.
provided to keep the build process as simple as possible. Various [make tasks](https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/blob/master/Makefile)
<a href='{{< relref "doc/advanced/make.en-us.md" >}}'>See here how to get Make</a>. are provided to keep the build process as simple as possible.
Depending on requirements, the following build tags can be included. Depending on requirements, the following build tags can be included.
* `bindata`: Build a single monolithic binary, with all assets included. * `bindata`: Build a single monolithic binary, with all assets included.
* `sqlite sqlite_unlock_notify`: Enable support for a [SQLite3](https://sqlite.org/) database. Suggested only * `sqlite sqlite_unlock_notify`: Enable support for a
for tiny installations. [SQLite3](https://sqlite.org/) database. Suggested only for tiny
* `pam`: Enable support for PAM (Linux Pluggable Authentication Modules). Can be used to installations.
authenticate local users or extend authentication to methods available to PAM. * `pam`: Enable support for PAM (Linux Pluggable Authentication Modules). Can
be used to authenticate local users or extend authentication to methods
available to PAM.
Bundling assets into the binary using the `bindata` build tag can make development and Bundling assets into the binary using the `bindata` build tag can make
testing easier, but is not ideal for a production deployment. To include assets, they development and testing easier, but is not ideal for a production deployment.
must be built separately using the `generate` make task. To include assets, they must be built separately using the `generate` make
task e.g.:
``` ```bash
TAGS="bindata" make generate build TAGS="bindata" make generate build
``` ```
In the default release build of our continuous integration system the build
tags are: `TAGS="bindata sqlite sqlite_unlock_notify"`. The simplest
recommended way to build from source is therefore:
```bash
TAGS="bindata sqlite sqlite_unlock_notify" make generate build
```
## Test ## Test
After following the steps above a `gitea` binary will be available in the working directory. After following the steps above a `gitea` binary will be available in the working directory.
It can be tested from this directory or moved to a directory with test data. When Gitea is It can be tested from this directory or moved to a directory with test data. When Gitea is
launched manually from command line, it can be killed by pressing `Ctrl + C`. launched manually from command line, it can be killed by pressing `Ctrl + C`.
``` ```bash
./gitea web ./gitea web
``` ```